HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF RARE METALS INTRODUCED INTO HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES.

尽管金属在工业中的消耗量逐年增加，但有关金属毒性的信息却相当有限。本研究的目的是通过动物实验获得稀土及其化合物(Y、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Yb、Ga、In、As、Rh、Sb、InP、InAs、GaAs)对人体健康影响的基本信息，建立微量测定稀土金属的新方法。Rh Cl2的靶器官为肾小管，可见急性肾小管坏死。PH值对成熟精子射精也有干扰作用。单次滴注InP可致大鼠严重炎症反应，NOAEL为6.0ug/kg体重。反复滴注异烟肼后，可检测到金黄地鼠肺内癌前病变。砷对金黄地鼠睾丸有毒性作用。与In离子和Ga离子相比，As离子对培养的仓鼠肾细胞具有最强的毒性和诱导应激蛋白的潜力。灌入肺内的稀土金属化合物可被肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬，但可长期滞留，不会引起严重炎症。其中，Y化合物似乎具有较弱的肺纤维化潜能。它们还能抑制肝、肾和脾中纯化的ALAD和UROD的活性。在静脉注射稀土化合物时，血清钙水平降低，尽管没有合理的解释。建立了用无火焰原子吸收光谱分析和等离子体质谱联用测定微量稀土金属的方法，具有良好的准确度和重现性。

Though consumption of rate metals in industries are increasing year by year, information of toxicity of the metals have been quite limited. The aims of the investigations were, firstly, to get basic information of health effects of rare metals and their compounds (Y,La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Ga, In, As, Rh, Sb, InP,InAs, GaAs) by animal experiments, and, secondary, to develop new methods of microdetermination of rare earth metals. A target organ of Rh chloride was renal convoluted tubules and acute tubular necrosis was observed. Ph also caused interference of mature sperm ejaculation. Single instillation of InP in rats induced severe inflammation and NOAEL was 6.0 ug/kg body weight. Pre-malignant changes in the hamster lung were detected after repeated instillation of InAs. GaAs instillation experiment revealed toxicity on hamster testes. As ion showed strongest toxicity and potential of stress protein induction on cultured hamster renal cells compared to In ion and Ga ion. Rare earth metal compounds instilled into the lung were phagocyted by alveolar macrophage, but remained for a long term without inducing serious inflammation. Among them, Y compound seemed to have a weak potential of lung fibrosis. They also inhibited the activity of purified ALAD and UROD from the liver, kidney, and spleen. In intravenous administration of the rare earth compounds, serum calcium levels were decreased, though no reasonable interpretation could be shown. Methods of microdetermination of the rare earth metals were developed using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry and plasma-mass spectrometry with satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility.