Basic study on improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans (Vigna angularis)

虽然小豆的种植和利用几乎仅限于东亚地区，但其种子中含有约24%的蛋白质，这意味着其营养价值相当于或高于除大豆和花生之外的其他豆类作物。本研究旨在为提高红小豆种子蛋白质含量提供基础资料。(1)干物质（DM）和氮（N）的积累和再分配与植物生长：三个品种不同的成熟度和其中一个种植于1995年和1996年分别。叶片、叶鞘（包括脱落部分）和茎干的DM和N含量在开花后0 ~ 20 d急剧增加，然后下降。DM和N从营养器官到种子的再分配，从它们的减量估计，平均分别为19%和36%，品种和年份之间的差异很小。再分配的主要来源是叶片（DM占43%，N占75%）。叶片中的N含量在0 ~ 20 ℃时基本保持在4%左右，开花时下降到2%，而种子中的N含量在20 ℃后仍保持在4%左右，尽管晚花种子的N含量有所降低。(2)种子蛋白质含量的基因型变异及其稳定性：88个基因型，包括国外引进种植在两个地点（札幌和Memuro）和两年。在四种栽培条件下，种子蛋白质的基因型间平均差异为22.0%~ 27.6%，但50%以上的蛋白质分布在23.0%~ 24.5%的狭窄范围内。由于基因型与栽培条件间存在很大的互作效应，种子蛋白质的广义遗传力仅为0.40（参1999）。0.85种子大小）。种子蛋白质含量与种子大小呈负相关（-0.329 ^<*>），与种皮颜色无关。

Although cultivation and utilization of adzuki bean are almost restricted to east Asian region, the seeds contain about 24% protein which means a nutritious value equivalent to or more than those of the other pulse crops except soybean and peanut. This research was conducted to obtain fundamental information for improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans.(1) Accumulation and redistribution of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) with plant growth : Three cultivars differing in maturity and one of them were planted in 1995 and in 1996, respectively. DM and N in leaf blade, leaf sheath (including dropped parts), and stem increased sharply from 0 to 20 days after flowering (DAF) and then decreased. Redistribution of DM and N from vegetative parts to seed, estimated from their decrements, averaged 19% and 36%, respectively, with a small difference among cultivars and years. The major source of redistribution was leaf blade (43% for DM and 75% for N). N of leaf blade remained approximately constant with 4% from 0 to 20 DAF and decreased to 2% at abscission, whereas N of seed was held at 4% level after 20 DAF,although later-flowered seed showed somewhat lower N.(2) Genotypic variability in seed protein content and its stability : Eighty-eight genotypes including foreign introduction were planted at two locations (Sapporo and Memuro) and for two years. On the average over four cultural conditions, seed protein varied 22.0 to 27.6% among genotypes, but 50% or more distributed in the narrow range of 23.0 to 24.5%. Since large interactions between genotype and cultural condition were found, broad sence heritability for seed protein was only 0.40 (cf. 0.85 for seed size). Seed protein was negatively related with seed size (-0.329^<****>) and hed no relationship with seedcoat color.