Basic study on improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans (Vigna angularis)

提高红小豆种子蛋白质含量的基础研究

• 批准号: 07660015
• 负责人: YOSHIDA Koichi
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07660015/
• 关键词: adzuki bean; nitrogen accumulation; nitrogen redistribution; protein content; genotypic variation; cultural conditions; 乾物生産; 窒素含有率; 地域間差異

Although cultivation and utilization of adzuki bean are almost restricted to east Asian region, the seeds contain about 24% protein which means a nutritious value equivalent to or more than those of the other pulse crops except soybean and peanut. This research was conducted to obtain fundamental information for improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans.(1) Accumulation and redistribution of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) with plant growth : Three cultivars differing in maturity and one of them were planted in 1995 and in 1996, respectively. DM and N in leaf blade, leaf sheath (including dropped parts), and stem increased sharply from 0 to 20 days after flowering (DAF) and then decreased. Redistribution of DM and N from vegetative parts to seed, estimated from their decrements, averaged 19% and 36%, respectively, with a small difference among cultivars and years. The major source of redistribution was leaf blade (43% for DM and 75% for N). N of leaf blade remained approximately constant with 4% from 0 to 20 DAF and decreased to 2% at abscission, whereas N of seed was held at 4% level after 20 DAF,although later-flowered seed showed somewhat lower N.(2) Genotypic variability in seed protein content and its stability : Eighty-eight genotypes including foreign introduction were planted at two locations (Sapporo and Memuro) and for two years. On the average over four cultural conditions, seed protein varied 22.0 to 27.6% among genotypes, but 50% or more distributed in the narrow range of 23.0 to 24.5%. Since large interactions between genotype and cultural condition were found, broad sence heritability for seed protein was only 0.40 (cf. 0.85 for seed size). Seed protein was negatively related with seed size (-0.329^<****>) and hed no relationship with seedcoat color.

虽然小豆的栽培和利用几乎局限于东亚地区，但其种子含有约24%的蛋白质，这意味着其营养价值相当于或超过除大豆和花生以外的其他豆类作物。本研究旨在为提高小豆籽粒蛋白质含量提供基础资料。(1)干物质(DM)和氮素(N)的积累和再分配与植株生长的关系：3个不同成熟度的品种，其中1个分别于1995年和1996年种植。叶片、叶鞘(包括落叶部分)和茎中的干物质和氮在开花后0~20d急剧增加，然后下降。根据DM和N的减少量估算，DM和N从营养部分到种子的再分配平均分别为19%和36%，不同品种和年份之间的差异很小。再分配的主要来源是叶片(干物质占43%，氮占75%)。叶片含氮量在0~20d内基本保持不变，约为4%，脱落期降至2%，20d后籽粒含氮量维持在4%的水平，但晚花种子含氮量略低。(2)种子蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其稳定性：88个品种包括国外引种品种，在札幌和Memuro两个地点种植了两年。在4种培养条件下，种子蛋白质在不同基因型间的平均差异为22.0%~27.6%，但50%或更多的蛋白质分布在23.0%~24.5%的狭窄范围内。由于在品种和培养条件之间发现了很大的互作效应，种子蛋白质的广义遗传力仅为0.40(cf.种子大小为0.85)。种子蛋白质含量与籽粒大小呈负相关(-0.329^&lt；*&gt；)，与种皮颜色无关。