Basic study on improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans (Vigna angularis)

虽然小豆的种植和利用几乎仅限于东亚地区，但其种子中蛋白质含量约为24%，这意味着其营养价值相当于或高于除大豆和花生以外的其他豆类作物。本研究旨在为提高赤豆种子蛋白质含量提供基础资料。(1)干物质（DM）和氮(N)随植株生长的积累和再分配：1995年和1996年分别种植3个成熟期不同的品种，其中1个品种。叶片、叶鞘（含脱落部分）和茎中的DM和N在开花后0 ~ 20 d急剧上升，然后下降。从营养部位向种子再分配的DM和N的减少量估计，平均分别为19%和36%，品种间和年份间差异不大。叶片是再分配的主要来源（DM占43%，N占75%）。叶片氮含量在0 ~ 20 DAF期间保持在4%左右，在脱落时降至2%，而种子氮含量在20 DAF后保持在4%水平，但后期开花种子的氮含量有所下降。(2)种子蛋白质含量的基因型变异及其稳定性：在札幌和Memuro两个地点种植2年，包括外源引进的88个基因型。在4个培养条件下，种子蛋白在不同基因型间的平均差异为22.0 ~ 27.6%，但50%以上分布在23.0 ~ 24.5%的狭窄范围内。由于基因型和培养条件之间存在较大的相互作用，因此种子蛋白的广义遗传力仅为0.40（相比之下，种子大小的遗传力为0.85）。籽粒蛋白与籽粒大小呈负相关（-0.329^<****>），与种皮颜色无相关性。

Although cultivation and utilization of adzuki bean are almost restricted to east Asian region, the seeds contain about 24% protein which means a nutritious value equivalent to or more than those of the other pulse crops except soybean and peanut. This research was conducted to obtain fundamental information for improvement of seed protein content in adzuki beans.(1) Accumulation and redistribution of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) with plant growth : Three cultivars differing in maturity and one of them were planted in 1995 and in 1996, respectively. DM and N in leaf blade, leaf sheath (including dropped parts), and stem increased sharply from 0 to 20 days after flowering (DAF) and then decreased. Redistribution of DM and N from vegetative parts to seed, estimated from their decrements, averaged 19% and 36%, respectively, with a small difference among cultivars and years. The major source of redistribution was leaf blade (43% for DM and 75% for N). N of leaf blade remained approximately constant with 4% from 0 to 20 DAF and decreased to 2% at abscission, whereas N of seed was held at 4% level after 20 DAF,although later-flowered seed showed somewhat lower N.(2) Genotypic variability in seed protein content and its stability : Eighty-eight genotypes including foreign introduction were planted at two locations (Sapporo and Memuro) and for two years. On the average over four cultural conditions, seed protein varied 22.0 to 27.6% among genotypes, but 50% or more distributed in the narrow range of 23.0 to 24.5%. Since large interactions between genotype and cultural condition were found, broad sence heritability for seed protein was only 0.40 (cf. 0.85 for seed size). Seed protein was negatively related with seed size (-0.329^<****>) and hed no relationship with seedcoat color.