A study on the Architecture of Art Deco in Latin America

2003年至2005年在墨西哥城、圣地亚哥、圣保罗、里约热内卢、布宜诺斯艾利斯和迈阿密等6个城市进行了实地调查。1.装饰艺术建筑在拉丁美洲国家的传播是在各国独立100周年之际兴起的追求现代性和民族性的运动的背景下进行的。现代性作为强化的混凝土结构和装饰性，包括玛雅传统的装饰艺术建筑的象征性元素，满足了这两个需求。国籍有两种表达方式。一种是在细部形式上积极地设置玛雅本土传统的具象元素。另一种是尝试采用拉丁巴洛克等装饰细节形式的方式。前一种方式主要在墨西哥城，后一种方式主要在圣地亚哥。在里约热内卢，我们可以找到两种方式在一起。2.装饰艺术建筑在拉丁美洲国家开花的时间相对较晚。它是从20世纪30年代开始的，并在20世纪40年代继续下降。其中一个原因可能是装饰艺术部分通过美国传入拉丁美洲。我们在圣保罗和布宜诺斯艾利斯很少能找到装饰艺术风格的建筑，因为这两个城市的建筑工程在20世纪20 - 30年代之前或之后蓬勃发展。3.迈阿密海滩建筑活动的高峰期可能是1933年至1941年。这个时代是度假设施迅速普及的时代，人们对设备的要求既现代又简单，既丰富又快乐，装饰艺术风格满足了这一要求，并在迈阿密海滩的街道上盛行。迈阿密海滩装饰艺术建筑的保护活动与重新评价装饰艺术的浪潮联系在一起，意义重大。

Field surveys were done from 2003 to 2005 in 6 cities, namely Mexico City, Santiago, San Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires and Miami. The knowledges acquired there are as in the following1.The spread of Art Deco architecture to Latin America countries took place on the background of the movements seeking modernity and nationality which arose from the chance of 100 years independence anniversary of each country. Modernity as re-inforced concrete structure and decorativeness including Maya's traditional figurative elements of Art Deco architecture satisfied these two demands. Nationality was expressed in two ways. One is the way which attempts to set positively native traditional figurative elements as Maya's ones in the detail forms. The other is the way which tries to adopt decorative detail forms like Latin Baroque. The former way is found principally in Mexico City, and the latter is found principally in Santiago. In Rio de Janeiro, we can find two ways together.2.The time of the flowering of Art Deco architecture in Latin America countries are relatively late. It is from 1930s, and it continues in 1940s downward. One of the reason may be found in the fact that Art Deco was introduced to Latin America partly through the United States. We can rarely find Art Deco buildings in San Paulo and Buenos Aires, because construction works in the two cities flourished before or after the 1920-30s.3.The peak of construction activities in Miami Beach may be from 1933 to 1941. The times are ones when resort facilities were popularized quickly, and people demanded equipments which were modern and simple as well as rich and gay.Art Deco style answered the demands and prevailed all over the streets of Miami Beach. It is very significant that the preservation activity of Art Deco building in Miami Beach is linked to the tide of reevaluation of Art Deco.