Histological study of periodontal tissue treated by implant-anchoraged orthodontic tooth movement

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The purpose of this study was to determine the anchorage potential of osseointegrated titanium implants by the use of orthodontic sectional arch wire technique. Two bronemark 3.75*7 mm titanium implants were surgically placed bilaterally in healed mandibular extraction sites of second and third premolars on each side in four adult beagle dogs. The implants were surgically uncovered 18 weeks later and second stage abutments with soldered edgewise tubes secured. Segmental edgwise rectangular arch wires (0.017*0.025 inches, stainless steel) with T-loop were placed between the impants and the fourth premolars in both sides. Unilateral segment of each dog was served as a experimental side and the arch wire was calibrated to produce 120gm lateral force to the fourt premolar. Contralateral segment was served as a control side and orthodontic force was not applied. Sectional wires were activated, mandibular impressions, oral photographs and oral (occlusal and dental) X-rays were taken biweekly for a total period of 4 weeks. Study models of mandibular arches demonstrated taht fourth premolars on experimental sides moved 2mm mesially, however, the implats on experimental side, and fourth premolars and the implants on control side showed no movement during experimental period. Dental X-rays indicated that implants maintained the osseointegrations fairly for either segment of any dogs. We conclude that rigid endosseous implants are superior to dental anchorage for orthodontic horizontal forces and offer a potential means to move misio-distally in adult patients with missing teeth.