Normative and descriptive aspects of the 18^<th> century grammars in Germany

本研究旨在说明，18世纪语法学家所假定的德语的理论存在形式是反映了其经验存在形式，还是基于自己的语言直觉忽视了实际使用。为了证明这一点，我们考察了语法学家给出的句法规则和作者在18世纪所写的实际句子。我们的研究表明，该世纪的理论语言形式和实际语言形式之间存在着明显的差异，而语法学家们则充分利用了该世纪著名作家的用法。为了更准确地了解18世纪的语言状况，我们还研究了17世纪下半叶语序的理论和用法。1998年10月，高田和首席调查员兼副调查员汤浅组织了一家名为《雅各布·格林之前的德语语法》的作品工作室，作为日本德语语言文学协会的一个交流会。

The purpose of this research is to show, whether the theoretical existence form of the German language assumed by the 18^<th> century the grammarians reflects its empirical existence form or they neglect the actual usage, basing on their own linguistic intuitions. To certify this, we examined both the syntactic rules given by the grammarians and the actual sentences written by the authors during the 18^<th> century. Our research shows that there are evident discrepancies between the theoretical and the actual linguistic forms in that century, while the grammarians made much of the usage used by the prominent authors in the century. For the more precise understanding of the linguistic situation of the 18^<th> century, we also studied the theory and usage of the word order in the latter half of the 17^<th> century. As a result, we identified mutual influences between the theory and usage.In October 1998, Takada and Yuasa, the head investigator and the sub investigator, organized a work shop with the title, German Grammars before Jacob Grimm" as a symposuim of the Association of German Language and Literature in Japan.