The function of orality in the written German of the 18th century. A sociopragmatic and metalinguistic study

大约在1750年，高地德语书面语在整个德语区被最终接受后，有学问的人有了这样一种概念，即他们在正式场合应该像写作一样说话。由于标准书面语和方言的语言接触而产生的城市口语德语促进了标准书面语的扁平化：具有僵化和正式倾向的标准语言通过口语德语获得了灵活性。这种标准语言的统一过程可以用18世纪后半叶越来越多地使用非正式称呼代词“du”来解释。

After the final acceptance of the High German Written Language in the overall German-speaking area about 1750, learned people had the conception that they should speak in official situations just as they wrote. The urban colloquial German as a result of language contact of the standard written language and dialects promoted the flattening of standard written German: The standard language with its tendency to rigidity and formality acquired its flexibility through the spoken colloquial German. This process of leveling standard language can be explained in the same context as the increasing usage of the informal addressing pronoun "du" in the second half of the 18th century.