ヘンリー・C・ケアリ-の“アソシエーション"とアメリカ・コ-ポラティズム

本研究试图从集体和合作活动的角度来证明商业公司在早期美国文化中的中心地位。尽管新政时期出现了美国版的福利国家，但它一直在经济发展和社会福利的普遍进步中发挥着重要作用。正如J.R.康蒙斯曾经提出的那样，只有亨利·C·凯里(1793-1879)才能设法将自愿协会的可行形式设计成商业有限责任公司，而不是托克维尔或马克思。作为保护主义理论的最重要代表，凯里早在1838年就在他的《政治经济学原理》第二卷中主张在宾夕法尼亚州颁布一项普遍的公司法案。十年后，J.S.密尔在他自己的原则中追随凯里的脚步。对于凯里和部分穆勒来说，这样一项有限责任的立法将使普通民众有可能将他们微薄的储蓄投资于当地的工业，从而提高他们的福利和社会地位。

This study tried to prove the centrality of business corporation in American culture from the early period in terms of the collective and cooperative activity. And it has been playing an important role both in economic development and in the general advancement of social welfare, in spite of the fact that an American version of the welfare state emerged during the New Deal.As J.R.Commons once suggested, it was only Henry C.Carey (1793-1879) who could manage to contrive the workable form of voluntary associations as business corporation with limited liability, neither Tocqueville nor Marx. Carey, known as a foremost exponent of protectionist theory, argued for the enactment of a general incorporation act in Pennsylvania state, as early as in 1838, in the second volume of his Principles of Political Economy. It was ten years after that J.S.Mill followed in Carey's steps in his own Principles.For Carey and, in part, Mill, such an enactment with limited liability would make possible for the common people to invest their small savings in local industries and, consequently, to enhance their welfare and their social standings.