A Research on "Ie" and "Mura" (Rural Society) of Changes Process in Post War II

本报告特别从“村”（村）的角度来考虑，“村”指的是农村社会的正式和非正式制度，以及土地改革。以往关于土地改革的研究大都考虑了土地改革的执行过程和土地制度，但没有从“村”的角度进行考虑。因此，本报告在充分部分进行了补充。物质紧随其后。(1)本报告明确了N村土地改革的实际情况。N村的土地改革被称为“北平式”。(2)土改后N村全部农户数据完成。此外，作为土地改革实际方法的“交换-盘改”的实际资料也被保留了下来。因此，有可能明确土地改革的实际状态。(3)明确了N村农改前后农户状态的差异。得出的结论是，“北平田型”以3公顷的种植面积为上限，与以往的研究不同。(4) N村的土地改革对地主和大佃农有利。他们得到了优质的农田，而不是把农田分给小佃农。他们的耕地不如地主和大佃农。(5)因此，土改后建立的独立业主经营农民一直主导着日本农业。

This is a Study on the movement of land (farmland) and people (peasants) for 50-years from the agrarian reform after the world war II, in Tohoku-Shonai district. Especially, this report considers it from the viewpoint of "Mura" (village), Which means the formal and informal system of a rural society, and the agrarian reform.Former stufies on the agrarian reform Fave considered its enforcing process and the land system, but have not considered them from the viewpoint of "Mura" (village). So, this reort supplements in the sufficient part.The substance is following.(1) This report makes clear the actual state of the agrarian reform on N village. The agrarian reform on N village has been called "type of Kita-hirata".(2) The data of all farm-households on N village after the agrarian reform is complete. Also, real materials on "Koukan-Bungou" (exchange and consolidation), a method to collect farmland, adopted as the actual method of the agrarian refoem, have remained. So, it is possible to make clear an actual state of the agrarian reform.(3) The difference of the states of each farm-household before and after the agrarian reform on N village is made clear. The conclusion is that "type of Kita-hirata", putting an upper limit on 3-hectare to cultivate area, is different from the those of former studies.(4) The agrarian reform on N village was in advantage of the landowners and the big tenant-owner farmers. They got superior farmland, instead of releasing farmland to the small tenantfarmers. The farmland inferior to those of the landowners and big tenant-owner farmers.(5) So, the independent owner operate farmers established after the agrarian reform have been leading Japanese agriculture.