Study of Japanese Coaching Schools for University Entrance Examination and for Vocational Licenses from the Viewpoint of Educational Articulation

教育衔接视角下的日本高考和职业执照补习学校研究

• 批准号: 10610293
• 负责人: ARAI Katsuhiro
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University (2000-2001)National Center Test for University Admissions (1998-1999)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610293/
• 关键词: Educational Articulation; Coaching School; University Entrance Examination; Special Training School; Vocational License; 大学受験; 予備校; 受験産業

1. The ratio of 18-age group who enter universities is recently increasing to 5O%. This growth mainly depends on the rapid decrease from 1992 of 18-age population. Besides, the easing of competition under small population made the ratio of successful candidate go up. Japanese coaching schools for the entrance examination shifted their business focus to the high school students from the past-graduates. The coaching schools are now reinforcing not only the special training courses to the testing but also the guidance to university ＆ occupation. Actually many students are in anxiety whether they could choose the best course for themselves or not. Some students regret their choice just after the course decision. Generally the course specialization are administered too early for them to choose, moreover many high school don't permit the course change until graduation. The coaching schools now contribute to solving the maladjustment on the course specialization. Under the present conditions, … More the coaching schools are almost the only chance for the students who chose wrong course to recover.2. The coaching schools are usually located in large cities. High schools in these area are influenced not a little by the existence of the coaching schools, because they are more professional than high schools at least for preparing the examination. Since the elective curriculum was introduced, high school curriculum, has become diversified. Many local high schools strengthen their curriculum, to the examination. On other hand the high schools in urban area didn't devote their curriculum to them so much. Urban high schools sometimes shared their job with preparatory schools.3. Special Training School including the preparatory school for vocational license was founded at 1976. History of these schools could be divided into three stages. The 1st stage is the time to take off. It was 1976-1985. At this period, the expansion of university was strictly controlled by the higher education policy. Therefore Special Training Schools were accepted as a substitute of university to the young who wants to learn at the urban area. The 2nd stage is the time to develop. That was 1986-1992. 18-age population was rapidly increasing in this period and the surplus applicants from university were absorbed into special training schools. Special training school took the role in complement of university and they were expanding rapidly. The fields which special training school expanded were information technology, business, social welfare and etc. Those are the similar fields as universities have. The 3rd stage is 1993- today. It was accompanied by the decreas of 18-age population. University has already had enough capacity and need no more help. Although many pessimistic predictions for the special training school were reported, they stopped their damage at minimum, and have kept the number of students as before. Less

1. 18岁年龄组进入大学的比例最近增加到50%。这一增长主要是由于18岁人口自1992年以来迅速减少。此外，在人口较少的情况下，竞争的缓和使候选人的成功率上升。日本的高考辅导学校将业务重点从过去的毕业生转向了高中生。教练员培训学校不仅要加强对考试的专项培训，而且要加强对大学和职业的指导。事实上，许多学生都在焦虑，他们是否可以选择最适合自己的课程。有些学生在课程决定后就后悔了。一般来说，课程专业的管理过早，他们选择，而且许多高中不允许课程的变化，直到毕业。教练学校现在为解决课程专业化的不适应做出了贡献。在目前的条件下， ...更多信息 辅导学校几乎是选错课程的学生唯一的补救机会。教练学校通常位于大城市。这些地区的高中受辅导学校的影响不小，因为它们比高中更专业，至少在准备考试方面。自从选修课程引入以来，高中课程设置，变得多元化。许多地方高中加强他们的课程，以考试。另一方面，在城市地区的高中并没有把他们的课程这么多。城市高中有时与预科学校分担工作。特殊培训学校，包括职业执照预备学校，成立于1976年。这些学校的历史可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段是起飞的时间。那是1976-1985年。在这一时期，大学的扩张受到高等教育政策的严格控制。因此，对于那些想在城市地区学习的年轻人来说，特殊培训学校被认为是大学的替代品。第二阶段是发展的时候。那是1986-1992年。18-在这一时期，适龄人口迅速增加，大学过剩的申请人被吸收到特殊培训学校。专科学校作为大学的补充，迅速发展壮大。特别训练学校所拓展的领域是资讯科技、商业、社会福利等，这些领域与大学所拥有的领域相似。第三阶段是1993年至今。它伴随着18岁人口的减少。大学已经有足够的能力，不需要更多的帮助。虽然有很多对特训学校的悲观预测，但他们把伤害降到了最低，学生人数保持在原来的水平。少

项目成果

荒 井 克 弘: "「戦後大学入試の構造と課題」中島直忠編『日本・中国高等教育と入試』"玉川大学出版部. 79-98 (2000)

新井克宏：“战后大学入学考试的结构和问题”，中岛直忠编辑，“日本和中国的高等教育和入学考试”，玉川大学出版社79-98（2000）。

荒 井 克 弘: "アーテイキュレーションとしての大学入試"IDE 現代の高等教育. No.408. 13-19 (1999)

新井胜宏：《大学入学考试作为衔接》《IDE 现代高等教育》第 408 期（1999 年）。

Arai, Katsuhiro: "Changes of "Gakushu-Shido-Yoryo" and University Admissions system in Post-war Japan""Daigaku-Nyushi" Forum. No. 24. 35-41 (2001)

荒井胜宏：“战后日本的“学习、士道、养老”的变迁与大学招生制度”“大学入士”论坛。

荒 井 克 弘: "大学入試をめぐって-大学と高校との接続の観点から-"高等教育研究叢書(関西国際大学). No.2. 3-20 (2000)

新井胜宏：《关于大学入学考试——从大学与高中连接的角度——》高等教育研究丛书（关西国际大学）第2.3-20号（2000年）。

Arai, Katsuhiro: "Agenda of University Admissions : from the Viewpoint of Educational Articulation"Koto-kyoiku Kenkyu Sosho. No. 2. 3-20 (2000)

荒井胜宏：“大学招生议程：从教育衔接的角度”Koto-kyoiku Kenkyu Sosho。