Political Economic Research on Institutional Competition

本文从经济制度趋同与多样化的角度分析了经济活动全球化所带来的发达国家之间的制度竞争.利用OECD国家经济制度、社会经济和政治因素的国际数据库，将发达经济体分为经济制度趋同和经济制度多元化两大类.产业的网络外部性和收益递增性影响经济制度的分类.虽然在经济活动的全球化中，各经济体的相互依存性提高，但受全球经济影响的程度因产业属性而异。竞争性产业经济绩效的下降作为经济制度的原因，导致了国家经济福利的下降。导致制度改革的政策变化是通过政治过程出现的.体制改革中的政治过程表现为既得利益集团与通过体制改革获得利益者之间的租金竞争。制度改革的速度和方向受各民主政体的政体（总统制或议会制）、司法部门的独立性、反映政党间政治竞争的行政更迭频率、利益集团的政治力量、独立监管机构的存在等因素的影响。制度改革的基本理念是以市场为导向的制度设计和以制衡原则为基础的自治理念，它使国民经济具有竞争力。

The institutional competition between advanced countries resulting from globalization of economic activities was analyzed from the viewpoint of convergence and diversification of economic institution.1. Using the international database regarding economic institution and socio-economic and political factors in the OECD countries, advanced economies are classified into convergence and diversification of economic institution.2. Network externality and increasing returns nature of industries influences the classification of economic institution.3. Although the interdependency nature of every economy rises in globalization of the economic activity, the degree that is exposed to global economy differs by attributes of industry.4. The decline of the economic performance of the competitive industries as the cause of economic institution brings about the decline of the economic welfare of the nations. The policy change that brings about institutional reform is appeared through politics process.5. The political process in institutional reform takes the form of competition over rent between the vested groups and those who obtain benefits through the institutional reform.6. The speed and direction of institution reform is influenced by the polity of each democracy (presidential government or parliamentary system), independence of justice department, the frequency of the administration shift that reflects political competition between parties, the political power of interest groups, existence of independent regulation organization etc.7. The basic philosophy of institutional reform, which enables the national economy competitive, is market oriented institutional design and concept of the self-governance based on the checks and balances principle.