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POLITICO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH IN THEDIVERSITY OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORM

制度改革多样性的政治经济研究

基本信息

批准号：
07630050
负责人：
KAWANOBE Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
TOKAI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Exclusionism, discretion and cooperation are main features for the Japanese system of decision-making and policy management in economic policy. The iron-triangle connections of bureaucrats, industries and diet policy tribes are formed along with the jurisdiction of each bureau. Holding common information they form relation specific assets by long-run interaction including personnel exchange. Bureaucrats take the discretionary initiative in the industrial policy, and firms as a whole industry cooperatively accept their 'moral persuasion'. Regulation reforms also are performed by the discretional and bureaucracy-led manner under these circumstances.The reasons for synchronized regulation reform policies in developed countries in 1980s and after are the technological change in former natural monopoly industries, developments of the economic theory of regulation and competition and the needs for privatization of public corporations in deficits.Because of the globalization of economic activities and the international economic unification, the international difference of regulation policies has the huge effect on the economic performance of each country. If one industry should bear the cost of a protective policy for another industry, its competitivecondition is severely damaged through the globalization of economic activities, and the deregulation is risen up as a political agenda.International institutional competition grows through the political competition around changing/keeping the existing regulation policy by political entrepreneurs.The international institutional competition does not necessarily mean the convergence of the deregulation policy in each country. The divergence and convergence of regulation reforms also depends a degree of international linkage of a industry, structures of political institutions and centralization or decentralization of government structures.

日本经济政策的决策和管理体制的主要特征是排外性、自由裁量性和合作性。官僚、产业和饮食政策部落的铁三角关系是沿着各局的管辖范围形成的。他们持有共同的信息，通过包括人员交流在内的长期互动，形成关系专用资产。官僚们在产业政策中采取了自由裁量的主动权，而作为一个整体的企业则合作地接受官僚们的“道德说服”。发达国家在20世纪80年代及以后采取同步性规制改革政策的原因是原自然垄断产业的技术变革，由于经济活动的全球化和经济全球化的发展，在国际经济一体化的背景下，规制政策的国际差异对各国的经济绩效有着巨大的影响。如果一个产业要为另一个产业的保护政策付出代价，那么，随着经济活动的全球化，国际制度竞争通过围绕变革、自由化的政治竞争而增长，国际制度竞争并不必然意味着各国的制度趋同，每个国家的放松管制政策。监管改革的分歧和趋同还取决于一个行业的国际联系程度、政治机构的结构以及政府结构的集中或分散。