Development of search system for genetic changes specifying hominization

开发指定人化的遗传变化搜索系统

• 批准号: 11354011
• 负责人: SAITOU Naruya
• 金额: $ 20.97万
• 依托单位: Natiomal Institute of Genetics
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11354011/
• 关键词: hommization; ape; genome; gene; evolution; Silver

We conducted series of studies on following subjects in ape genome project Silver. (1) We compared human and ape sequences for 30 loci about 1kb each, and found that human-specific important changes (nonsynonymous changes and those in promoter regions) were 0.1%. If this value can be considered as representative for all "gene" region (ca. 4% of whole genome) responsible for amino acid codng and gene expression regulation, total number of candidate changes responsible for human uniqueness becomes 120, 000 (=0.001 x 0.04 x 3, 000, 000, 000). (2) We determined about 21kb region of HoxA cluster for chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. Difference between human and chimpanzee was only 0.7% despite most of this region is intergenic. This suggests that integenic region in Hox cluster contains cnsiderable portion of gene regulatory sequences which are under selective constraint. (3) We determined mitochondrial DNA 16SrRNA sequences for several to dozens of individuals of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, and several gibbon species. In all species, nucleotide diversity was higher than that of human. (4) We developed of new softwares for comparative genomics of closely related species. Website of the Silver Project is http : //sayer.lab.nig.ac.jp/-silver/.

我们在猩猩基因组计划Silver中进行了以下几个主题的研究。(1)比较了人类和类人猿30个1kb的基因座序列，发现人类特有的重要变化(非同义变化和启动子区域的变化)为0.1%。如果这个值可以被认为是负责氨基酸编码和基因表达调控的所有“基因”区域(约占整个基因组的4%)的代表性，那么负责人类独特性的候选改变的总数就变成了120,000(=0.001 x 0.04 x 3,000,000,000)。(2)确定了黑猩猩、大猩猩和猩猩的HoxA簇长约21kb的区域。人类和黑猩猩之间的差异只有0.7%，尽管这个区域的大部分是基因间的。这表明，HOX簇中的整合区包含了相当一部分处于选择性约束下的基因调控序列。(3)测定了黑猩猩、矮黑猩猩、大猩猩、猩猩和几种长臂猿个体的线粒体DNA 16SrRNA序列。在所有物种中，核苷酸多样性均高于人类。(4)开发了近缘种比较基因组学新软件。白银项目的网站是http：//sayer.Lab.nig.ac.jp/-Silver/。

项目成果

野田令子: "チンパンジーとニホンザルにおけるABO式血液型遺伝子の進化"霊長類研究. 16(2). 157-167 (2000)

Reiko Noda：“黑猩猩和日本猕猴 ABO 血型基因的进化”，《灵长类研究》16(2)。

Noda R.: "Mitochondrial 168 rRNA sequence diversity of hominoids"Journal of Heredity. (in press).

Noda R.：“类人猿线粒体 168 rRNA 序列多样性”遗传杂志。

斎藤成也: "類人猿ゲノム計画Silver.「特集:人類の起源と進化をDNAレベルで探る」"蛋白質核酸酵素. 45・16. 2604-2611 (2000)

齐藤圣哉：“类人猿基因组计划银奖。特刊：在DNA水平上探索人类的起源和进化””蛋白质核酸酶45・16（2000）。

Keneko M.: "Molecular cloning, characterization and chromosomal mapping of Human al, 3-fucoslytransterase 1X(hFuc-TIX) ; Fuc-TIX is very highly conserved between human and moouse"FEBS Letter. vol. 452. 237-242 (1999)

Keneko M.：“人 3-岩藻糖基转移酶 1X(hFuc-TIX) 的分子克隆、表征和染色体作图；Fuc-TIX 在人类和小鼠之间高度保守”FEBS Letter。

Osawa M: "Haplotype analysis of human alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin)"Annals of Human Genetics. 65(1). 27-34 (2001)

Osawa M：“人类 α2-HS 糖蛋白（胎球蛋白）的单倍型分析”人类遗传学年鉴。