Experimental verification of genomic changes which caused human-specific characters

我们利用转基因小鼠实验来推断特定DNA片段的功能以及比较基因组学。一些美国研究人员提出，短的非编码DNA的正选择产生了新的人类特异性表型，而Sumiyama和Saitou（2012）通过消除该DNA片段发现了相同的表型。因此，表型可能是由选择性中性的功能丧失突变产生的。Babarinde & Saitou（2013）进行了基因组比较，发现灵长类动物特有的保守非编码区远比其他三种哺乳动物谱系（啮齿动物、食肉动物和鲸足动物）丰富。

We used transgenic mice experiment for inferring function of particular DNA fragments as well as comparative genomics. Some USA researchers proposed that positive selection on short non-coding DNA created new human-specific phenotype, while Sumiyama & Saitou (2012) found same phenotype by eliminating that DNA fragment. Therefore, it is possible that phenotype emerged by loss-of-function mutations which were selectively neutral. Babarinde & Saitou (2013) conducted genome comparison and found that primate specific conserved non-coding regions are far more abundant than three other mammalian lineages (rodents, carnivores, and cetariodactyla).