Experimental verification of genomic changes which caused human-specific characters

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We used transgenic mice experiment for inferring function of particular DNA fragments as well as comparative genomics. Some USA researchers proposed that positive selection on short non-coding DNA created new human-specific phenotype, while Sumiyama & Saitou (2012) found same phenotype by eliminating that DNA fragment. Therefore, it is possible that phenotype emerged by loss-of-function mutations which were selectively neutral. Babarinde & Saitou (2013) conducted genome comparison and found that primate specific conserved non-coding regions are far more abundant than three other mammalian lineages (rodents, carnivores, and cetariodactyla).