A Study of Intercultural Communication among Japanese, Chinese and Americans working for Japanese subsidiaries in China and in the U.S.

本研究旨在确定以下几点：（1）在中国和美国的日本子公司工作的日本人、中国人和美国人的不同行为规则所产生的认知差异，(2)日本和当地员工之间的认知差异（即，（3）日本员工与当地员工的领导风格差异;（4）基于图式理论的跨文化培训;（5）中美两国企业的管理体制差异; (6)日本人、中国人和美国人之间的沟通行为差异，（7）媒体对在中国的日本公司的报道，（8）美国的职业道德，（9）日本在华子公司的历史研究，其中，通过文化图式分析考察了日本人、中国人和美国人的认知差异。文化图式分析是以图式理论作为解释人类认知系统的原理，分析人类行为与认知系统之间的关系。本研究共有1459例受试者参与。其中263名为日本侨民，826名为侨民，826名为在中国的日本子公司工作的中国员工。除此之外，在美国的日资企业中，日本人为125人，美国人为245人。在管理体制研究中，在中国的日资企业为25家，在美国的日资企业为22家。此外，在交流行为差异的研究中，220名日本人，200名中国人和227名美国人参与了研究。

This study was conducted to ascertain the following :(1) Cognitive differences arising from the different behavioral rules of Japanese, Chinese and American staff working for Japanese subsidiaries in China and the U.S.,(2) cognitive differences between Japanese and local staff (i.e., Chinese and Americans) regarding their working environment,(3) leadership style differences between Japanese and local staff,(4) cross-cultural training using schema theory,(5) management system differences among participant companies in China and the U.S.,(6) communication behavior differences among Japanese, Chinese and Americans,(7) the media coverage on Japanese companies in China,(8) work ethics in the U.S., and(9) the historical study of Japanese subsidiaries in China.Among these studies, the cognitive difference study among Japanese, Chinese and Americans was examined through cultural schema analysis. Cultural schema analysis aims at analyzing relationships between human behavior and cognitive systems by employing schema theory as an explanatory principle of human cognitive systems. For this study, a total of 1459 subjects participated. Of these 263 were Japanese expatriates and 826 were expatriates and 826 were Chinese employees working for Japanese subsidiaries in China. Besides them, 125 were Japanese and 245 were Americans working for Japanese subsidiaries in the U.S. For the management-system study, 25 Japanese companies in China and 22 in the U.S. participated. Moreover, in the study of communication behavior differences, 220 Japanese, 200 Chinese and 227 Americans participated.