Vegetation dynamics and environmental variation in Kamchatka

堪察加半岛的植被动态和环境变化

• 批准号: 11691166
• 负责人: HARA Toshihiko
• 金额: $ 12.42万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691166/
• 关键词: Kamchatka; Betula ermanii; Picea ajanensis; forest dynamics; climate change; forest fire; Koryto glacier; カムチャツカ半島; 植生; 氷河; 応答特性; 氷河水文; カムチャッカ半島; 寒帯林; 凍土; 針葉樹; 樹木年輪; 植生変動

We established several permanent plots of 1 ha for studying forest dynamics in Kamchatka. We carried out measurements of tree sizes (stem diameter, tree height), positions in the plots and physical environments such as light intensity and temperature. Picea seedlings established under the tree crown but not in gaps. Therefore, gap regeneration dynamics, which is a well known phenomenon in temperate and tropical forests, does not work in the forests of Kamchatka. This is a new phenomenon we found in Kamchatka. We hypothesize that this is because of severe environments such as high light stress, low temperature, low precipitation, in Kamchatka. We also carried out investigations in the Koryto glacier for reconstructing past climate change (temperature, precipitation) in Kamchatka for comparison with forest dynamics. We found that forest fire occurs more frequently in years with lower precipitation. Effects of forest fires on forest dynamics and climate change have also bee investigated by using simulation models.

我们建立了几个1公顷的永久地块，用于研究堪察加的森林动态。我们进行了树木大小(树干直径、树高)、地块位置和物理环境(如光照强度和温度)的测量。云杉幼苗建立在树冠下，但不在林隙中。因此，林隙更新动态在温带和热带森林中是一个众所周知的现象，但在堪察加的森林中却不起作用。这是我们在堪察加发现的一个新现象。我们推测，这是因为堪察加的恶劣环境，如高光胁迫、低温、低降水。我们还在科里托冰川进行了调查，以恢复堪察加过去的气候变化(温度、降水)，并与森林动态进行比较。我们发现，降雨量少的年份森林火灾发生的频率更高。还利用模拟模型研究了森林火灾对森林动态和气候变化的影响。

项目成果

Sone, T., Yamagata, K. & Kazakov, N.: "Mountain permafrost on the north slope of Mt. Ushkovsky, Central Kamchatka, Russia"Z. Geomorph. N.F. Suppl.-Bd.. 130. 167-177 (2003)

曾根，T.，山形，K.

Salamatin, A.N.: "Heat transfer in the seasonal active layer of Gorshkov Ice Cap on the summit of Ushkovsky Volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 19. 47-52 (2002)

Salamatin, A.N.：“堪察加半岛乌什科夫斯基火山顶戈尔什科夫冰盖季节性活动层中的传热”冰川学研究公报。

Takahashi, K., Homma, K., Shiraiwa, T., Vetrova, V.P. & Hara, T.: "Climatic factors affecting the growth of Larix cajanderi in the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia"Eurasian Journal of Forest Research. 3. 1-9 (2001)

Takahashi, K.、Homma, K.、Shiraiwa, T.、Vetrova, V.P.

Tchoumitchev, S. & Yamaguchi, S.: "Field study of the Pole Markova glacier system, Kronotsky peninsula, Kamchatka, Russia in 2000"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 19. 85-91 (2002)

乔米切夫，S.

Shiraiwa, T: "Mountain environment in Kamchatka : physical backgrounds and recent changes in the climate and glaciers"Global Environmental Research. 6. 19-30 (2002)

Shiraiwa, T：“堪察加半岛的山区环境：自然背景以及气候和冰川的近期变化”全球环境研究。