Dynamics of retirement, family and health

1)目的：本研究的目的是：(1)检验强制性退休对日本男性心理和社会福祉的潜在消极或积极影响，(2)检验生产性活动(有偿工作；无报酬在家工作和无报酬在家外工作)对日本中年人生活方式相关疾病发生的影响，并按性别检查活动影响健康的机制，(3)检查老龄化知识对成功老龄化的影响，(4)检查我们的小组调查的代表性。2)数据：数据来自一项为期两年的跟踪调查，该调查对年龄在55岁至64.3岁之间的具有全国代表性的日本样本（4,000名男性和2,000名女性）进行了调查。结果(1)强制退休对该全国样本中日本男性的心理健康影响不大。然而，退休对社会健康有积极影响。退休后与他人面对面接触的频率增加了，甚至调整了协变量。研究结果表明，对日本男性来说，强制性退休可能并不像之前认为的那样有压力。(2)在年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济状况、健康状况、健康行为和心理健康等因素的控制下，有酬工作和无酬工作与中年男性和女性生活方式相关疾病风险的降低均独立相关。研究结果表明，家庭以外的生产性活动可能有助于预防中年后期与生活方式有关的疾病。(3)控制多个混杂因素后，衰老知识对成功衰老有正向影响。结果为成功衰老的干预提供了重要建议。(4)小组的退出不是随机发生的。生活在城市地区的男女受试者都比生活在农村地区的受试者更容易辍学。只有日常生活活动较少或与朋友联系频率较低的女性受试者才有可能退出研究。我们的小组在代表性方面可能有点问题。少

1) Objectives :The aims of this study were (1) to examine potentially negative or positive effects of mandatory retirement on mental and social well-being of Japanese men, (2) to examine the influences of productive activities (paid work ; unpaid work at home, and unpaid work outside the home) on the occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese middle-aged adults by gender, and to examine the mechanisms through which activities affect on health, (3) to examine effects of knowledge for aging on successful aging, (4)to examine representativeness of our panel survey.2) Data :Data were obtained from a two-year follow-up survey conducted with a nationally representative Japanese sample (4, 000 males and 2, 000 females) aged 55 to 64.3) Results(1) Mandatory retirement had little impact on the mental health of Japanese men in this national sample. However, retirement had a positive effect on social health. The frequency of face-to-face contacts with others increased after retirement e … More ven adjusted for covariates. Results suggest that mandatory retirement might not be as stressful for Japanese men as had previously been thought. (2) Paid work and unpaid work outside the home were independently associated with the lower risk of lifestyle-related diseases in both middle-aged men and women even after age, marital status, socioeconomic status, health status, health behavior, and psychological well-being were controlled for. The results suggest that productive activities outside the home may contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in late middle age. (3) Knowledge for aging had a positive impact on successful aging after several confounding factors were controlled for. Results offer important suggestions for intervention for successful aging. (4) Drop-out from the panel did not happen randomly. Both male and female subjects living in urban areas were more likely to dropout than ones living in rural area. Only female subjects with low activities of daily living or low frequency of contacts with friends were likely to drop-out. Our panel might have a little problems on representativeness. Less