Dynamics of retirement, family and health

1)目的：本研究的目的是（1）检查强制退休对日本男性心理和社会福祉的潜在负面或正面影响，（2）检查生产活动的影响（有偿工作;家庭内的无报酬工作和家庭外的无报酬工作）对日本中年人生活方式相关疾病发生率的影响，并研究活动对健康的影响机制，（3）研究老龄化知识对成功老龄化的影响，（4）考察调查的代表性。（2）数据：数据来自一项为期两年的跟踪调查，调查对象为年龄在55岁至64岁之间、具有全国代表性的日本样本（4000名男性和2000名女性）。然而，退休对社会健康有积极影响。退休后与他人面对面接触的频率增加 关于我们 甚至调整了协变量。结果表明，强制退休对日本男性来说可能没有以前想象的那么有压力。(2)即使在年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济状况、健康状况、健康行为和心理健康得到控制后，有酬工作和无酬工作与中年男性和女性生活方式相关疾病的风险降低独立相关。结果表明，在家庭以外的生产活动可能有助于预防中年后期与生活方式有关的疾病。(3)在控制了几个混杂因素后，衰老知识对成功衰老有积极影响。研究结果为成功老龄化的干预提供了重要建议。(4)从小组中退出并不是随机发生的。无论是男性还是女性，居住在城市的受试者比居住在农村的受试者更容易辍学。只有日常生活活动少或与朋友交往频率低的女性受试者才有可能退出。我们的小组在代表性方面可能有点问题。少

1) Objectives :The aims of this study were (1) to examine potentially negative or positive effects of mandatory retirement on mental and social well-being of Japanese men, (2) to examine the influences of productive activities (paid work ; unpaid work at home, and unpaid work outside the home) on the occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese middle-aged adults by gender, and to examine the mechanisms through which activities affect on health, (3) to examine effects of knowledge for aging on successful aging, (4)to examine representativeness of our panel survey.2) Data :Data were obtained from a two-year follow-up survey conducted with a nationally representative Japanese sample (4, 000 males and 2, 000 females) aged 55 to 64.3) Results(1) Mandatory retirement had little impact on the mental health of Japanese men in this national sample. However, retirement had a positive effect on social health. The frequency of face-to-face contacts with others increased after retirement e … More ven adjusted for covariates. Results suggest that mandatory retirement might not be as stressful for Japanese men as had previously been thought. (2) Paid work and unpaid work outside the home were independently associated with the lower risk of lifestyle-related diseases in both middle-aged men and women even after age, marital status, socioeconomic status, health status, health behavior, and psychological well-being were controlled for. The results suggest that productive activities outside the home may contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in late middle age. (3) Knowledge for aging had a positive impact on successful aging after several confounding factors were controlled for. Results offer important suggestions for intervention for successful aging. (4) Drop-out from the panel did not happen randomly. Both male and female subjects living in urban areas were more likely to dropout than ones living in rural area. Only female subjects with low activities of daily living or low frequency of contacts with friends were likely to drop-out. Our panel might have a little problems on representativeness. Less