Dynamics of retirement, family and health

1)目的：本研究的目的是：(1)考察强制退休对日本男性精神和社会健康的潜在负面或积极影响；(2)考察生产性活动(有偿工作；(3)研究老龄化知识对成功老龄化的影响，(4)检验本研究小组调查的代表性。2)数据来自一项为期两年的跟踪调查，调查对象为具有全国代表性的日本样本(4000名男性和2000名女性)，年龄在55-64.3岁之间。结果(1)强制退休对本国家样本中的日本男性的心理健康几乎没有影响。然而，退休对社会健康有积极的影响。退休后与他人面对面接触的频率增加了e…对协变量进行了更多的调整。结果表明，强制退休可能不会像之前认为的那样给日本男性带来压力。(2)即使在控制了年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济状况、健康状况、健康行为和心理健康之后，中年男性和女性的有偿工作和外出无偿工作与生活方式相关疾病的风险都较低。结果表明，户外生产性活动可能有助于预防中年后期与生活方式有关的疾病。(3)在控制了多种混杂因素后，老龄化知识对成功老龄化有正向影响。这一结果为成功老龄化的干预提供了重要建议。(4)小组退出并不是随机发生的。生活在城市的男性和女性都比生活在农村的人更有可能辍学。只有日常生活活动较少或与朋友联系频率较低的女性受试者才有可能辍学。我们的小组在代表性方面可能会有一些问题。较少

1) Objectives :The aims of this study were (1) to examine potentially negative or positive effects of mandatory retirement on mental and social well-being of Japanese men, (2) to examine the influences of productive activities (paid work ; unpaid work at home, and unpaid work outside the home) on the occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese middle-aged adults by gender, and to examine the mechanisms through which activities affect on health, (3) to examine effects of knowledge for aging on successful aging, (4)to examine representativeness of our panel survey.2) Data :Data were obtained from a two-year follow-up survey conducted with a nationally representative Japanese sample (4, 000 males and 2, 000 females) aged 55 to 64.3) Results(1) Mandatory retirement had little impact on the mental health of Japanese men in this national sample. However, retirement had a positive effect on social health. The frequency of face-to-face contacts with others increased after retirement e … More ven adjusted for covariates. Results suggest that mandatory retirement might not be as stressful for Japanese men as had previously been thought. (2) Paid work and unpaid work outside the home were independently associated with the lower risk of lifestyle-related diseases in both middle-aged men and women even after age, marital status, socioeconomic status, health status, health behavior, and psychological well-being were controlled for. The results suggest that productive activities outside the home may contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in late middle age. (3) Knowledge for aging had a positive impact on successful aging after several confounding factors were controlled for. Results offer important suggestions for intervention for successful aging. (4) Drop-out from the panel did not happen randomly. Both male and female subjects living in urban areas were more likely to dropout than ones living in rural area. Only female subjects with low activities of daily living or low frequency of contacts with friends were likely to drop-out. Our panel might have a little problems on representativeness. Less