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Formulation of the Banking and Monetary Policy for the Post-War U.S.

战后美国银行和货币政策的制定

基本信息

批准号：
12630086
负责人：
SUTO Isao
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
MEIJI UNIVERSITY (2002)Nagoya City University (2000-2001)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12630086/
关键词：
Banking and Monetary Policy World War II Wagner, Robert F.Senate Banking & Currency Committee Federal Reserve System Treasury Department Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Reconstruction Finance Corporation ワグナー,ロバート F.連邦預金保険公社金融

项目摘要

In this work I noticed particularly in the research of the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency around 1940. Senator Robert F. Wagner, Chairman of the Committee, attempted to do the first comprehensive review of the U.S. monetary-banking system since the National Monetary Commission before World War I. My question is that Federal Reserve had already insisted the independence of its policy from Treasury Department since after the New Deal banking reform, not after the War most scholars assume.Though the review by the Wagner committee was not finished unfortunately, I have still study the volumes of replies that the Fed, state banking departments, American Bankers Association, and some federal agencies prepared for the committee questionnaire. I could find to explore the details of monetary-banking system planning after New Deal banking reform, bankers' attitudes toward Wagner's plan, and the effects of the committee's reexamination.So I questioned as follows ; (a) Was Mariner Eccles, the Chairman of the Board, an inflationist or a spender before the accord in 1951? (b) If Eccles was the inflationist, where his anti-inflationary policy came from? c Even if the anti-inflationary policy of Eccles mainly came from the excessive reserve of member banks since around 1935, was there any other factor that made change his policy? (d) While the Banking Act of 1935 strengthened power of the Board in the Federal Reserve System, did not the Act give adequate authority to control inflation to the Board?Eccles brought up a unification of all banking system in his early arguments, and he explained it would harmonize Fed banking policy for recovering the economy. But he emphasized it would need to control inflation. He also came into conflict with Treasury Department. We could find to conclude Eccles had already insisted the independence of Fed policy from Treasury Department since after the New Deal banking reform, not after the War and he was not an easy inflationist.

在这项工作中，我特别注意到参议院银行和货币委员会在1940年左右的研究。参议员罗伯特·f·瓦格纳，委员会主席，试图对美国货币银行体系进行自第一次世界大战前国家货币委员会以来的第一次全面审查。我的问题是，美联储在新政银行改革之后就已经坚持其政策独立于财政部，而不是在大多数学者认为的战争之后。尽管瓦格纳委员会的审查尚未结束，但不幸的是，我仍在研究美联储、各州银行部门、美国银行家协会（American Bankers Association）和一些联邦机构为委员会问卷调查准备的大量回复。我可以找到探索新政银行改革后货币银行体系计划的细节，银行家对瓦格纳计划的态度，以及委员会重新审查的影响。所以我的问题如下；(a)在1951年协定之前，董事会主席马里纳·埃克尔斯是通货膨胀主义者还是花钱的人？(b)如果埃克尔斯是通货膨胀论者，他的反通货膨胀政策从何而来？c即使埃克尔斯的反通胀政策主要来自于1935年前后成员银行的过度准备金，还有其他因素促使他改变政策吗？(d)虽然1935年的《银行法》加强了委员会在联邦储备系统中的权力，但该法案没有给予委员会足够的权力来控制通货膨胀吗？埃克尔斯在他早期的论述中提出了所有银行系统的统一，他解释说，这将协调美联储的银行政策，以恢复经济。但他强调，中国需要控制通胀。他还与财政部发生了冲突。我们可以得出结论，埃克尔斯在新政银行改革之后就已经坚持美联储政策独立于财政部，而不是在战争之后，他也不是一个轻易的通货膨胀论者。