Actual Significances of Phenomenological Ideas

现象学运动是20世纪最重要的哲学运动之一，它对科学的许多领域产生了重大影响。我的研究项目的目的是解读在胡塞尔先验哲学的基础上产生的、在问题的催促下发生变化并在不断的批判、对抗、分支和整合中保持顽强力量的内在观念。本课题的主要目的在于：(1)探讨胡塞尔的先验哲学纲领与他的事实哲学分析之间的差异，并理解他的“阿尔贝哲学”分析对问题解决的意义。(2)从整个现象学运动的角度重新审视海德格尔对胡塞尔的批判。(3)在不同于胡塞尔和海德格尔哲学思维方法的视角下研究梅洛-庞蒂的现象学，揭示在两位现象学家之后，梅洛-庞蒂哲学的诸多方面对现象学发展的影响。在现象学的基本原理中，我勾勒出现象学运动的大致图景，首先论证了它在西方哲学中的历史地位。然后讨论了“经验、生活和知识”、“意义和现实”、“作为现象学方法论的还原和解释”、“主体性和超越性”、“时间性”、“生活世界”、“身体”、“他者和间体性”、“伦理学”、“历史和社会性”以及“现象学的实际意义”等主题。

The phenomenological movement is one of most important philosophical movements in the 20th century which has much great influence on many fields of science. My aim of the research project is to interpret the inherent ideas which came into existence on the fundaments of the Husserl's transcendental philosophy and has changed itself under the urge of the problems and has held its tenacious strength under the continual critiques, confrontations, branchings and integrations. Main purposes of the project lie in the following points: (1)To probe the discrepancy between Husserl's program of his transcendental philosophy and his factual philosophical analyses, and to understand the significances of his analyses of the 'Arbeitsphilosophy' which have groped for the solutions of the problems. (2)To reconsider the Heidegger's Critique against Husserl in the light of whole phenomenological movement. (3)To study Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology under the viewpoint which differs from Husserl's and Heidegger's method of the philosophical thinking, and to throw light on the many facets of his philosophy which has influenced the development of the phenomenology after two phenomenologists.In Fundamentals of phenomenology I draws a rough plan of the phenomenological movement and argue the its historical situation in the western philosophy first. Then I discuss the themes of 'experience, life and knowledge', 'meaning and reality', 'reduction and interpretation as the phenomenological methodology', 'subjectivity and transcendentality', 'temporaity', 'life-world', 'body', 'others and intercubjectivity', 'ethics', 'history and sociality' and 'actual significances of phenomenology.