Research of French Republic in Transition

在这篇报告中，我研究了法兰西共和国作为一项使法国社会的多元文化成员能够共存的原则是如何经历一个显著的蜕变的。本文首先以“共和模式”的概念阐述了法兰西共和国作为共存原则的意义和特点。20世纪90年代初，法国出现了一种不同于“共和国模式”的新共存原则的可能性。这就是“多元文化争议”。为了正确理解法国关于多元文化主义的讨论，我对加拿大和美国的多元文化主义进行了概述。因此，我们可以确认，魁北克的论点在反对加拿大联邦政府的多元文化主义时，要求加拿大的“特殊地位”，而法国的共和党的论点在批评多元文化主义时，强调法兰西共和国的“普遍性”，两者之间有一个共同点。可以肯定的是，美国多元文化主义的主张更多的是寻求一种新的共存原则，对文化多元主义中隐藏的“颜色界线”提出挑战。其次，我调查了法国的多元文化主义争议。考察反对多元文化主义的共和党人的讨论和“多元文化主义者”的论点，我们可以确认，前者一方面同意尊重文化多样性，而后者则尊重法兰西共和国的价值观。然后，双方在争论之后趋于一致。除此之外，我们可以说，在公共政策的实践中，法国有几个多元文化政策；例如PACs， Parite，区域语言和ZEP。在这些政策的实践中，从未指出违反了法兰西共和国的价值观。但与预期相反的是，共和的理想价值与实际政策之间的距离越来越大。面对欧洲建设的问题，法兰西共和国可能有一个问题需要解决。少

In this report, I examine how French Republic as a principle that makes it possible for multicultural members of French society to coexsite is undergoing a remarkable metamorphosis. In the first place, I give an account of significance and characteristics of French Republic as principle of coexistence with concept of "Republic Model". The beginning of 1990 in France, the possibility of new principle of coexistence that is different from "Republic Model" has been argued. That is "Multiculturalism controversy". In order to understand correctly a discussion of Multiculturalism in France, I have taken a general view of Multiculturalism in Canada and in USA. As a result, we can confirm that there is a point in common between Quebec argument that, in opposing Multiculturalism of the Federal Government of Canada, demands "special status" in Canada, and Republican argument in France that in criticizing Multiculturalism, emphasizes a "universality" of French Republic. And we can confirm that th … More e argument of Multiculturalism in USA is to search for a new principle of coexistence and to make a challenge to hidden "color line" in Cultural Pluralism. Secondly, I have investigated Multiculturalism controversy in France. With examination of discussions of Republicans who oppose Multiculturalism and arguments of "Multiculturalists", we can confirm that the former agrees to respect of cultural diversity on the one hand, and that the latter respects values of French Republic on the other. Then, both parties converge after controversy. In addition to this confirmation, we can say that, in practice of public policies, there are several multicultural policies in France; PACs, Parite, Regional languages and ZEP for example. And that in practice of these policies, a violation of values of French Republic is never indicated. But contrary to expectations, a distance between ideal value of Republic and actual policies is larger step by step. Be confronted by problems of European construction, French Republic may have a problem to be solved. Less