A field study on the local curriculum model supporting the activities and practices of moral education in the U.S.

虽然自1983年以来，美国各州开展了旨在提高学业成绩的教育改革，但人们普遍认识到，需要进行根本性的改革，从而塑造儿童的价值观和态度，因此，品格教育得到了克林顿总统和民主党和共和党的全力支持。从前德克萨斯州州长时期开始就对教育措施表现出积极态度的共和党总统乔治·布什为了进一步推进品格教育，于2001年将品格教育的联邦政策预算增加了3倍以上。在本研究中，研究者在鸟瞰美国各地品格教育的同时，走访了品格教育项目实施的社区和学校，以了解教育委员会在实施这些项目中发挥了什么样的作用，以及品格教育的实施效果如何。从2001年获得科研资助开始，先后四次访问美国，在德克萨斯州、弗吉尼亚州、伊利诺伊州、加利福尼亚州、纽约州和新泽西州等州对品格教育的实践和与社区的合作方式进行了实地调查。采用社会学的民族志方法，对每年对各州教育部、地方教育主管部门和学校进行实地调查所收集的访谈资料进行分析。本研究的结果对我国理想的德育方式也具有重要的启示意义。其中之一是联邦政府和各州州长在促进道德教育方面的领导作用的重要性，并且成年一代具有向下一代传达支持民主社会的普遍价值的信念和使命是至关重要的。此外，品格教育体现了社区的意义和作用，利用当地社会的资源，通过多样化的活动使儿童在道德上社会化。少

Although the educational reforms to improve scholastic attainments have been carried out in various states in the United States since 1983, the needs for fundamental reform that led to mold children's value and attitude have widely recognized among people, therefore, Character Education has received full support of President Clinton and of both Democratic and Republican parties, and came to show a big upsurge as an educational movement in the late 90' s. President George Bush of the Republican Party who had shown an ardent approach to an educational measure since the days of the former Governor of Texas State increased the federal policy budget of the character education to three times and more aiming at further promotion in 2001.In this research, while getting a bird's-eye view of Character Education all over the U.S., the researcher visited the communities and schools where the programs of character education were implemented in order to find out what kinds of role the boards of educ … More ation and schools have played in carrying out the programs and how effective Character Education has been practiced. From 2001 when received a grants-in-aid for scientific research, the researcher visited the U.S. four times, and has performed the field survey on the practices of Character Education and on the ways of cooperation with the communities in each State of Texas, Virginia, Illinois, California, New York, and New Jersey. The interviews collected by the field surveys on each State Department of Education, the local education authorities, and the schools every year have been analyzed by ethnographical methods of sociology.The result clarified through this research also gives a considerable suggestion to the ideal way of the moral education of our country. One of them is the importance of the leadership of the federal government and the governors of states in promoting moral education, and there is the vital necessity that an adult generation has the belief and the mission of conveying the universal value supporting democratic society to the next generation. Moreover, Character Education shows the meaning and the role of the community that makes children morally socialized by variegated activities making use of resources of the local society. Less