EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT DEBTS.

本研究的目的是在比较法研究的基础上获得提高民事诉讼效率的基本视角，并对现行法律和未来立法的可能解释进行论证，这是改革现行证券交易和判决债执行制度所必需的。人们普遍认为，为了在21世纪建立高效的日本司法体系，这一改革是必不可少的。在21世纪，基于规则和透明的法规必须在社会中发挥更大的作用。为此，本研究着重从执行制度容量的扩大和使用者交易成本的降低这两方面考察构成民事执行制度的个别制度和规则，这两方面都是日本法律中作为社会活动基础的民事执行制度的主要问题。考虑到有必要建立一个方案，以诱导利益相关方在执行程序内外采取适当行动，本研究发展了对现行规则和未来立法的可能解释的论点，这些规则和立法涉及最低司法拍卖价格、间接执行和防止阻碍止赎的若干措施。这项工作的部分成果已经反映在立法讨论中，无论是2003年的修正案还是2004年的修正案，都是对现行抵押、证券交易和民事执行制度的改革。本文的研究成果将对修订后法律的解释具有指导意义，并对今后民事执行制度的修订具有借鉴意义。

The purpose of this research is to acquire basic perspectives to make civil proceedings more effective based on study of comparative laws, and to develop arguments regarding possible interpretation of the current laws and future legislation, which are necessary for reform of the current system of security transaction and enforcement of judgment debts. The reform is widely recognized as essential to establish an efficient Japanese judicial system in the 21st century, where rule-based and transparent regulations must play a greater role in society. For this purpose, this research focuses on review of individual systems and rules that consist of civil execution system, from the observing point of expansion of capacity of the execution system and reduction of transaction cost of users, both of which are principal issues for the civil enforcement system as an infrastructure of social activities in Japanese law.This research develops arguments of possible interpretation of the current rules and future legislation concerning systems of minimal judicial auction price, indirect enforcement, and several measures to prevent obstruction to foreclosure, in consideration of necessity to establish a scheme to induce interested parties to act properly both inside and outside executions proceeding. A part of fruit of this work is already reflected in legislative discussions, both for the 2003 amendment and for the prospective 2004 amendment, of reform of the current system of mortgage, security transaction and civil execution. We believe that outcome of this research will be controlling for interpretation of the amended laws and will also be fruitful for future revisions of civil execution system.