Vitamin A modulates the effect of estrogen on cell differentiation

在这项研究中，我们引入雌激素和双酚作为内分泌干扰物，并引入维生素A作为这些内分泌干扰物对雌性和雄性小鼠生殖系统发育的影响的抑制剂。结果还表明，补充富含维生素A的食物在一定程度上对缓解外源性雌激素对婴儿内分泌紊乱的影响是重要的，因为这类物质对发育中的生殖道的影响应通过维生素A缺乏来发挥。另一方面，一种调节维生素A代谢的细胞视黄醇结合蛋白2在新生儿暴露于雌激素后的生殖道中发现了异常的mRNA表达。因此，雌激素和双酚A对新生儿阴道分化和精子发生的影响可能是通过抑制维生素A的作用而起作用的。虽然维生素A与雌激素物质在关键时期的相互作用尚不清楚，但一个可能的解释是：1)首先，新生儿用雌激素物质治疗导致维生素A代谢和/或生殖道运输中断；2)缺乏适当的维生素A作用改变了生殖道正常分化的方向；3)正常分化方向改变的生殖道，作为增殖信号接受持续的雌激素刺激；以及4)生殖道分化为异常方向。

In this study, we introduced estrogen and bisphenol as an endocrine disruptor and vitamin A as an inhibitor of the effect of such endocrine disrupters on the developing reproductive system in female and male mice. The results also suggested that, to a certain extent, the replenishment of vitamin A-rich food is important for relieving the effect of endocrine disruption in babies, caused by exogenous estrogenic substances, since the effect of such substances on the developing reproductive tracts should exert via vitamin A deficiency. On the other hand, unusual mRNA expression of a cellular retinol binding protein 2, which regulates the metabolism of vitamin A, was found in the reproductive tracts after neonatal exposure to estrogen. Therefore, it could be proposed that the neonatal effects of both estrogen and bisphenol A on the vaginal differentiation and spermatogenesis are exerts through the suppression of vitamin A action. Although the interaction of vitamin A with estrogenic substances during a critical period was not clarified, a possible explanation is conceivable : 1) at first, neonatal treatment with estrogenic substances leads to the disruption of vitamin A metabolism and/or transportation in the reproductive tracts ; 2) the direction of normal differentiation of the reproductive tracts is changed by a lack of appropriate vitamin A action ; 3) the reproductive tracts, of which the direction of normal differentiation is changed, receive the continuing estrogenic stimulation as a proliferation signal ; and 4) the reproductive tracts differentiate to an abnormal direction.