Factors Affecting the Acquisition of Japanese Voice Structures by Korean Speaking Learners including Pedagogy : A Follow-up Study in JFL and JSL Settings

本文建立在Tanaka(2001)的《英语、韩语、汉语和印度尼西亚-马来语学习者对日语语态结构的习得》一文的基础上，其中韩语使用者表现出与其他母语使用者不同的倾向。韩国进行了一项新的调查，研究母语、学习环境(韩国和日本)和学习者的心理语言因素对语音习得的影响。韩国和日本的受试者参加了书面发音测试，根据图片产生语音结构，并进行了后续研究。一些人接受了L1测试和面试。在韩国的120名参与者中，有20名因在日本居住超过一个月而被排除在外，只有17名受试者可以进行后续测试。在日本，125名参加日语学校或日韩交流项目的受试者参加了调查，其中68人接受了跟踪调查。初步数据分析表明：(1)韩语语音结构…的习得语境More优于其他母语使用者(Tanaka，2001)。(2)即使是高级学习者也不会产生韩语中不存在的“致使被动句”。(3)初学者产生与韩语相匹配的“所有格被动句”，习得稳定，但缺乏对应关系的“所有格被动句”的习得延迟。(3)韩语有受益的“使能被动句”而不是“使能被动句”。其他讲L1的人首先说-te kureru，但说韩语的人更喜欢-te morau。(3)韩语视点限制(说话者占据主语)不变，直接被动句由于观点的一致性而提早出现，从这一点来看，母语中没有的结构可以预测延迟习得，而存在的概念则容易习得。然而，类型学原因和语言结构的复杂性被预测是相互关联的。在未来，语音的发展序列(基于隐含尺度)以及L1和L2效应将与来自后续研究的实际出现序列进行比较。较少

This paper builds on Tanaka (2001), "Acquisition of Japanese voice structures by English, Korean, Chinese, and Indonesian-Malay speaking learners," in which Korean speakers exhibited a different tendency than other native language (L1) speakers. A new survey was conducted in Korea using only Korean speakers to determine the effects from L1, learning environment (Korea and Japan), and learners' psycholinguistic factors in acquiring voice.Subjects in Korea and Japan took a written production test, producing voice structures in response to pictures, with a follow-up study. Some underwent an L1 test and interview. Of 120 participants in Korea, 20 were excluded for having resided in Japan more than one month, and follow-up tests were only possible with 17 subjects. 125 subjects in Japan attending Japanese language schools or Japan-Korea exchange programs participated and 68 were followed-up. Initial data analysis reveals the following :(1) The acquisition context for Korean voice structures … More is superior to other L1 speakers (Tanaka, 2001).(2) However, even advanced learners do not produce the "causative passive," non-existent in Korean.(3) Beginners produce "possessive passives" matching Korean and acquisition is stable, but the "possessive passive" lacking correspondence is delayed.(3) Korean has benefactive -te kureru but not -te morau. Other L1 speakers produce -te kureru first, but Korean speakers favor -te morau. A transfer effect cannot be confirmed.(3) Korean point of view restriction (speaker occupies subject) is unchanged and direct passives appear early due to unity of point of view.From these points, delayed acquisition is predicted for structures not found in L1 and easy acquisition for concepts that exist. However, typological causes and complexity of language structures are predicted to interrelate. In the future, the developmental sequence of voice (based on implicational scaling) and L1 and L2 effects will be compared to actual emerging sequences derived from follow-up investigations. Less