Research of KharaKhota

本研究与内蒙古大学合作，对内蒙古西部喀喇昆仑山遗址出土的约3,000件蒙古帝国时期的文献资料进行了调查，除汉文和西夏文外，将其转写成罗马文字，翻译成日文，并作了注释。关于材料的种类和数量有一些模糊之处。现存蒙古文文献99件，回鹘文文献7件，阿拉伯文文献11件，藏文文献2件，叙利亚文文献11件。本文研究了69件蒙古文文献（回鹘文和八思巴文），主要内容有粮食、牲畜租赁契约和给路官的命令等。有些可能是佛教文献的一部分，有些可能是道教经典的一部分。我们研究了一份藏文文献的正反两面，这似乎是藏传佛教的三义（gsanyig）。3 ...更多信息 回鹘文文献有助于我们了解苏州甘州地区的人员和货物从喀拉科塔到艾西纳河的流动情况。其他是一份财务文件，两本佛经和一张有点拼音的图表。与阿拉伯文字有关的文件包括4份阿拉伯文材料、3份波斯文材料、3份土耳其文材料和1份波斯文、土耳其文和中文材料。其中包括部分苏菲派文字材料、波斯史诗《胡苏和希林》的一部分、中国行政材料末尾的注释等。在叙利亚文献中，最长的句子之一是标准类型的叙利亚文，其内容与《圣经》有关。其他10份文件似乎是一组联合的句子，其中一般包括叙利亚，内容涉及基督教。大量的蒙古文、阿拉伯文和叙利亚文文献是第一次被发现，这些文献在当时被人们广泛使用，这说明哈拉霍塔与蒙古帝国的多语言、多民族社会有着相似之处。也就是说，很明显，Kharakhota是蒙古帝国的缩影。少

In this study, we investigated documents written in the period of The Mongol Empire, in cooperation with Inner Mongolia University, except those by Ghinese character and Hsi-hsia character among about 3,000 materials excavated from the ruin of Kharakhota in the western part of Inner Mongolia, transcribed them into roman letters, translated into Japanese and put explanatory notes. There are some ambiguous points as to the sort and number of the materials. At present, 99 Mongolian documents, 7 Uighur documents, 11 documents Arabic script, 2 Tibetan documents and 11 documents Syrian script. We studied 69 Mongolian documents (those written in Uighur script and H'pags-pa Script) Those mainly include written contracts on lease of grain or livestock, and orders given to officers of the office of Esine circuit(lu). Some are probably parts of Buddhist literature and some are parts of Taoism sutras. We studied both sides of one Tibetan document, which seem Sanyig(gsanyig) of Tibetan Buddhism. 3 … More Uighur documents are useful for us to understand the movement of people and goods of Gan-zhou, Suzhou from Kharakhota to the Esine River. Others are one financial document, 2 Buddhist scriptures and one somewhat phonetic chart. Documents in connection with Arabic script are composed of 4 Arabic materials, 3 Persian, 3 Turkish, and one document written in Persia, Turkish and Chinese letters. Among them, a part of Sufiism written material, a part of a Persian epic "Khusraw and Shirin", a note at the end of the Chinese administrative material and so forth are included. As to Syrian documents, one of the longest sentences is the standard-typed Syrian, the content of which relates to Bible. The other 10 documents seem groups of united sentences, which in general include Syrian, and the contents relate to Christianity. It is for the first time that a great number of the said Mongolian, Arabic and Syrian documents are found. On the ground that the said various materials were used by people in,Kharakhota took a similar aspect to the Mongolian Empire which had multilingual and multinational society. Namely it became clear that Kharakhota was a microcosmes of the Mongolian Empire. Less