Research of KharaKhota

本研究与内蒙古大学合作，在内蒙古西部喀拉可达遗址出土的约3000份文献中，对蒙古帝国时期的文献进行了调查，除汉字和hsihsisia文字外，将其抄写成罗马字母，翻译成日文，并进行了注释。关于材料的种类和数量有一些不明确的地方。目前有蒙文文献99份，维吾尔文文献7份，阿拉伯文文献11份，藏文文献2份，叙利亚文文献11份。本文研究了69份蒙古文文献（维吾尔文和哈帕巴文），主要包括粮食、牲畜的书面租赁合同和给埃锡纳路公署（lu）官员的命令。有些可能是佛教文献的一部分，有些是道教经典的一部分。我们研究了一份藏文文献的正反两面，似乎是藏传佛教的三义（gsanyig）。3 .更多的维吾尔文文献有助于我们了解苏州赣州从喀拉可达到艾斯纳河的人员和货物流动。其他还有一份财务文件，两份佛经和一份有点音标的图表。与阿拉伯文有关的文献由4份阿拉伯文材料、3份波斯文材料、3份土耳其文材料和1份用波斯、土耳其和中国字母写成的文献组成。其中包括一部分苏菲主义的文字资料、一部分波斯史诗《胡斯劳与希林》、中国行政资料的尾注等。在叙利亚文献中，最长的句子之一是标准类型的叙利亚，其内容与圣经有关。其他10份文件似乎是一组统一的句子，一般包括叙利亚语，内容与基督教有关。大量蒙古文、阿拉伯文和叙利亚文文件的发现尚属首次。从这些不同的材料被人们所使用的角度来看，卡拉可达与蒙古帝国有着相似的一面，蒙古帝国拥有多语言和多民族的社会。也就是说，Kharakhota显然是蒙古帝国的缩影。少

In this study, we investigated documents written in the period of The Mongol Empire, in cooperation with Inner Mongolia University, except those by Ghinese character and Hsi-hsia character among about 3,000 materials excavated from the ruin of Kharakhota in the western part of Inner Mongolia, transcribed them into roman letters, translated into Japanese and put explanatory notes. There are some ambiguous points as to the sort and number of the materials. At present, 99 Mongolian documents, 7 Uighur documents, 11 documents Arabic script, 2 Tibetan documents and 11 documents Syrian script. We studied 69 Mongolian documents (those written in Uighur script and H'pags-pa Script) Those mainly include written contracts on lease of grain or livestock, and orders given to officers of the office of Esine circuit(lu). Some are probably parts of Buddhist literature and some are parts of Taoism sutras. We studied both sides of one Tibetan document, which seem Sanyig(gsanyig) of Tibetan Buddhism. 3 … More Uighur documents are useful for us to understand the movement of people and goods of Gan-zhou, Suzhou from Kharakhota to the Esine River. Others are one financial document, 2 Buddhist scriptures and one somewhat phonetic chart. Documents in connection with Arabic script are composed of 4 Arabic materials, 3 Persian, 3 Turkish, and one document written in Persia, Turkish and Chinese letters. Among them, a part of Sufiism written material, a part of a Persian epic "Khusraw and Shirin", a note at the end of the Chinese administrative material and so forth are included. As to Syrian documents, one of the longest sentences is the standard-typed Syrian, the content of which relates to Bible. The other 10 documents seem groups of united sentences, which in general include Syrian, and the contents relate to Christianity. It is for the first time that a great number of the said Mongolian, Arabic and Syrian documents are found. On the ground that the said various materials were used by people in,Kharakhota took a similar aspect to the Mongolian Empire which had multilingual and multinational society. Namely it became clear that Kharakhota was a microcosmes of the Mongolian Empire. Less