Research of KharaKhota

本研究与内蒙古大学合作，从内蒙古西部哈拉霍达遗址出土的约3000份文献中，考查了除西文和西夏文字外的蒙古帝国时期的文献，并将其翻译成罗马字母，翻译成日文，并注明注释。关于材料的种类和数量，有一些模棱两可的地方。目前，蒙古文文献99部，维吾尔文文献7部，阿拉伯文文献11部，藏文文献2部，叙利亚文字文献11部。我们研究了69份蒙古文文件(用维吾尔文和H‘Pags-pa手写体写的)，主要包括书面的粮食或牲畜租赁合同，以及发给埃辛巡回办公室(Lu)官员的命令。有些可能是佛教文献的一部分，有些是道教经典的一部分。我们研究了一份藏文文献的两面，看起来像藏传佛教的三尼格(Gsanyig)。3个…更多的维吾尔文文献有助于我们了解苏州赣州从哈拉霍塔到埃辛河的人员和货物的流动。其他的是一份金融文件，两部佛经和一张有点像音标的图表。与阿拉伯文字有关的文件由4份阿拉伯材料、3份波斯材料、3份土耳其材料和1份用波斯、土耳其和中国字母书写的文件组成。其中包括苏非主义书面材料的一部分，波斯史诗《库斯劳与希林》的一部分，中国行政材料结尾处的注释等。至于叙利亚文献，最长的句子之一是标准型叙利亚文献，其内容与圣经有关。其他10份文件似乎是几组统一的句子，大体上包括叙利亚语，内容与基督教有关。这是第一次发现大量上述蒙古、阿拉伯和叙利亚文件。基于上述各种材料被当地人使用，喀拉霍塔采取了与蒙古帝国相似的方面，后者拥有多语言和多民族社会。也就是说，很明显，哈拉霍塔是蒙古帝国的一个缩影。较少

In this study, we investigated documents written in the period of The Mongol Empire, in cooperation with Inner Mongolia University, except those by Ghinese character and Hsi-hsia character among about 3,000 materials excavated from the ruin of Kharakhota in the western part of Inner Mongolia, transcribed them into roman letters, translated into Japanese and put explanatory notes. There are some ambiguous points as to the sort and number of the materials. At present, 99 Mongolian documents, 7 Uighur documents, 11 documents Arabic script, 2 Tibetan documents and 11 documents Syrian script. We studied 69 Mongolian documents (those written in Uighur script and H'pags-pa Script) Those mainly include written contracts on lease of grain or livestock, and orders given to officers of the office of Esine circuit(lu). Some are probably parts of Buddhist literature and some are parts of Taoism sutras. We studied both sides of one Tibetan document, which seem Sanyig(gsanyig) of Tibetan Buddhism. 3 … More Uighur documents are useful for us to understand the movement of people and goods of Gan-zhou, Suzhou from Kharakhota to the Esine River. Others are one financial document, 2 Buddhist scriptures and one somewhat phonetic chart. Documents in connection with Arabic script are composed of 4 Arabic materials, 3 Persian, 3 Turkish, and one document written in Persia, Turkish and Chinese letters. Among them, a part of Sufiism written material, a part of a Persian epic "Khusraw and Shirin", a note at the end of the Chinese administrative material and so forth are included. As to Syrian documents, one of the longest sentences is the standard-typed Syrian, the content of which relates to Bible. The other 10 documents seem groups of united sentences, which in general include Syrian, and the contents relate to Christianity. It is for the first time that a great number of the said Mongolian, Arabic and Syrian documents are found. On the ground that the said various materials were used by people in,Kharakhota took a similar aspect to the Mongolian Empire which had multilingual and multinational society. Namely it became clear that Kharakhota was a microcosmes of the Mongolian Empire. Less