Signal transduction mechanisms in primary afferent neurons following pain transmission

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There is compelling evidence indicating that not only injured primary afferents, but also their spared neighbors, show an alteration of excitability and gene expression and that these changes have functional roles in nociception, inflammatory pan and neuropathic pain. We examined several forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) dynamics in primary afferent neurons and also in spinal cord neurons following noxious stimuli to normal tissue or using inflammatory pain model or neuropathic pain model. In mammals, four major MAPK pathways have been discovered. They are the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and ERK5. We examined a variety of phases of dynamics of MAPK in pain mechanisms and published 36 papers accepted in scientific journals.