Study for genetic diversity of 'uzu'semi-dwarfbarley varieties in evolutionary, morphological and physiological aspects.

为了研究半矮秆大麦品种“uzu”在进化、形态和生理等方面的多样性，我们从3个角度分析了大麦品种“uzu”的遗传多样性：（1）"uzu“材料的遗传多样性;（2）”uzu“材料特有的形态性状（包括胚芽鞘在高温条件下突起的出现）的遗传多样性;（3）组织培养性状（包括愈伤组织生长和芽再生能力）的生理多样性。（1）对282份大麦材料（包括19个野生大麦品系）的5个核位点的系统地理分析和2个性状的形态学评价表明，分布于南亚和东亚的地方品种与分布于“西方”地区的地方品种在遗传上存在差异。本研究中所调查的6份‘乌珠’材料在5个位点中具有几乎相同的单倍型。这些证据有力地表明，'uzu'加入的起源是si ...更多信息 甚至是单基因突变。(2)在高温萌发条件下，胚芽鞘上突起的出现是‘乌珠’特有的形态特征之一，这是胚芽鞘细胞异位分裂的结果。通过对266份“uzu”材料的鉴定和5个F_2群体的分离分析表明，与该性状相关的遗传因子在“uzu”材料中存在遗传多样性。利用10 × 10 ~（-1）半方差表进行方差分析，结果表明，该性状受多对加性基因控制。(3)以3个独立的含uzu基因的大麦等基因系为材料，研究了外源生长素和细胞分裂素对芽鞘突起出现的影响。在低温条件下，虽然突起的出现减少，但生长素和细胞分裂素都促进了突起的出现。这些结果表明，生长素和细胞分裂素调节突起的出现。这些结果表明，生长素和细胞分裂素调节胚芽鞘突起的出现

In order to dissect the diversity of semi-dwarf barley variety 'uzu' in evolutionary, morphological and physiological aspects , we analyzed the genetic diversity of barley uzu varieties from three view points:(1) phylogeny of 'uzu' accessions,(2) genetic dissection of the 'uzu' accession specific morphological trait including the emergence of projection on coleoptile under high temperature condition, and (3) the physiological diversity of tissue culture traits including callus growth and shoot regeneration capacity. Results from these studies are:(1) Phylogeographic analysis of five nuclear loci and morphological assessment of two traits in 282 barley accessions including 19 wild barley lines reveal that landraces distributed in South and East Asia are genetically distinct from those in 'Occidental' region. The six 'uzu' accessions investigated in this study possessed almost same haplotype among the five loci. These evidence strongly indicated that the origin of 'uzu' accessions was si … More ngle mutation even.(2) One of the 'uzu'-specific morphological traits, the emergence of projection on coleoptile under high temperature germination condition, is caused by ectopic cell division of coleoptiles apart from embryo genesis. Evaluation of this trait among 266 'uzu' accessions and segregation analysis of five F2 populations indicate that genetic factor (s) concerning to this character are genetically diverse within 'uzu' accessions. As the result of diallel analysis using 10 x 10 half diallel table, it is suggested that this trait is controlled by several additive genes.(3) Effects of exogenous auxin and cytokinin on the emergence of projection on coleoptile were examined in three independent isogenic lines of barley with uzu gene. Although the emergence of projection was reduced in uzu lines under low temperature condition, both auxin and cytokinin enhanced the emergence of projection. These results indicate that auxin and cytokinin regulate the emergence of projection. These results indicate that auxin and cytokinin regulate the emergence of projection on coleoptile Less