Chemical and genetic diversity of Ligularia species of Yunnan province of China

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Field research was carried out in August, 2004-2006, and about 25 Ligularia species were collected as well as hybrid species. It was found that L. cymbulifera and L. duciformis were dominated species in Zhongdian and Litang areas, respectively. For L. tongolensis, L. cymbulifera, L. pleurocaulis, L. virgaurea, and L. tsangchenensis, 10 to 20 samples of each species were collected, and their chemical composition in root and the nucleotide sequences were analyzed. A small diversity was observed for L. tongolensis, while L. cymbulifera was uniform in both chemical composition and the base sequences. Both L. pleurocaulis and L. tsangchanensis could be divided into Yunnan-type and Sichuan-type. Difference in chemical constituents between two types was large in L. tsangchanensis, while two types of L. pleurocaulis were found to be produced related furanoeremophilanes. L. virgaurea in Sichuan province was also divided into two types, but they were not separated geographically. Several new com … More pounds, including virga renones A-D and virgaurenolide A, were isolated and their structures were determined based on spectral data. Analysis of chemical composition and base sequences were also carried out for L. dictyoneura, L. vellerea, L. kanaitzensis, L. latihastata, and L. duciformis, and the presence of intra-specific diversity in each species were clarified. It was found that many different patterns are present in intra-specific diversity. Also, the diversity in chemical composition does not consistent with genetic diversity in some species. Relation between chemical composition and taxonomy was also found. For example, 3,6,15-oxigenated furanoeremophilanes were isolated from Corimbosae species such as L. tongolensis, L. cymbulifera, and L. atroviolacea, while 6,15-oxigenated compounds were obtained from L. vellerea, a Scapicaulis species. Ligularia species producing furano-compounds are though to be ecologically predominant, based on the analysis of L. kanaitzensis, L. dictyoneura, and L. tsangchanensis, and the observation in field. Less