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Investigation on recent tendency of frequent large forest fires and development of analysis method for fire behavior using hot spot data

近期大型森林火灾多发趋势调查及热点数据火灾行为分析方法开发

基本信息

批准号：
18510001
负责人：
HAYASAKA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.56万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research, recent wildfire activity in Alaska, Sakha (Siberia), Mongolia, and Indonesia was characterized by considering recent weather conditions during a period of rapid climate change. Forest fire data from various government forest agencies, hotspot data obtained from satellite, and weather records were analyzed to clarify the relationship between fire activity and weather. Results showed that level of wildfire activity in all four locations was strongly affected by lower precipitation and increased temperatures. Thus, weather conditions coincident with rapid climate change may allow occurrence of large-scale fires and create a positive feedback loop to climate warming by the release of greenhouse gasses from forest fires. It is notable that increased temperature and lower precipitation led to increases in wildfire in four widely different ecosystems from the boreal to the tropical. Wildland fires in boreal and tropical forests are important as potential carbon sources because they accumulate large amounts of carbon in their forest floors and emit large amounts of not only carbon oxide (CO_2) but also other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH_4) after large-scale fires and clear cuttings. Recent large-scale wildland fires in these four regions should be considered one of the most important ecological disasters mainly caused by human activity or man-made climate change. Analysis of the four regions and level of wildfire activity under rapid climate condition are done by using newly developed analysis method for fire behavior using hot spot data.

在这项研究中，阿拉斯加、萨哈(西伯利亚)、蒙古和印度尼西亚最近的野火活动的特点是考虑到了快速气候变化期间的最近天气条件。分析了来自各政府森林机构的森林火灾数据、从卫星获得的热点数据和天气记录，以澄清火灾活动与天气之间的关系。结果表明，四个地点的野火活动水平都受到降雨量减少和气温上升的强烈影响。因此，与快速气候变化相吻合的天气条件可能会导致大规模火灾的发生，并通过释放森林火灾产生的温室气体对气候变暖形成一个积极的反馈循环。值得注意的是，气温升高和降水减少导致了从北方到热带的四个截然不同的生态系统中野火的增加。北方和热带森林中的野火是重要的潜在碳源，因为它们在森林地面积累了大量的碳，在大规模火灾和砍伐后不仅排放了大量的二氧化碳，还排放了其他温室气体，如甲烷(CH4)。最近这四个地区发生的大规模野火应该被认为是主要由人类活动或人为气候变化造成的最重要的生态灾害之一。利用热点数据，利用最新开发的火灾行为分析方法，对快速气候条件下四个区域和野火活动水平进行了分析。