Molecular Evolution of Sex-determining Genes during Vertebrate Evolution

脊椎动物进化过程中性别决定基因的分子进化

• 批准号: 18570218
• 负责人: ITO Michihiko
• 金额: $ 2.63万
• 依托单位: Kitasato University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18570218/
• 关键词: Sex determination; W chromosome; ZZ; ZW; amphibian; mammal; DMRT1; Sox; ovary; 性染色体; 無尾両生類; 脊椎動物; 胎盤; 生殖巣; プロモーター; 卵巣; アフリカツメガエル; ZW; DM-W; DMRT1; 雌決定遺伝子

In the XX/XY sex-determining system, the Y-linked SRY genes of most mammals and the DMY/DMRT1Y gene of the teleost fish medaka have been characterized as sex-determining genes that initiate testis formation, leading to male sexual development. In contrast, the molecular mechanism for the ZZ/ZW sex-determining system remains unclear, because no sex-determining genes have been isolated. The South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis uses the ZZ/ZW system. A DM-domain gene DMRT1 is implicated in testis formation of various vertebrate species. Then, we first showed that X laevis DMRT1 is expressed during embryogenesis, and is then restricted to the primordial gonads. Next, we isolated a W-linked paralogue of DMRT1, DM-W, in X laevis. Although the DNA-binding domains of DM-W and DMRT1 shared high sequence identity (89%), their C-terminal regions had no significant sequence similarity. A comparative analysis of the DM-W and DMRT1 mRNA expression patterns showed that DM-W was expressed predominantly in the primordial ZW gonads during early sex determination. These findings and phenotypic analyses of transgenic animals carrying DM-W expression vectors indicated that the W-linked gene, DM-W, is most likely to be a sex (female)-determining gene in X. laevis.

在XX/XY性别决定系统中，大多数哺乳动物的Y连锁SRY基因和硬骨鱼Medaka的DMY/DMRT1Y基因被鉴定为性别决定基因，启动睾丸形成，导致男性性发育。相比之下，ZZ/ZW性别决定系统的分子机制尚不清楚，因为还没有分离到性别决定基因。南非爪蛙非洲爪蛙使用ZZ/ZW系统。DM结构域基因DMRT1与多种脊椎动物的睾丸形成有关。然后，我们首先证明了X laevis DMRT1在胚胎发育过程中表达，然后局限于原始性腺。接下来，我们在X laevis中分离到DMRT1的一个W连锁的类似物Dm-W。虽然DM-W和DMRT1DNA结合区具有很高的序列同源性(%)，但它们的C末端区域没有显著的序列相似性。对DM-W和DMRT1基因表达模式的比较分析表明，在早期性别决定过程中，DM-W主要在原始ZW性腺中表达。这些发现和对携带DM-W表达载体的转基因动物的表型分析表明，与DM-W连锁的基因DM-W最有可能是莱氏X.laevis的性别(雌性)决定基因。

项目成果

xDM-W gene is a sex(female)-determining gene on the ZZ/ZW-type sex-determini ng system in Xenopus laevis

xDM-W 基因是非洲爪蟾 ZZ/ZW 型性别决定系统上的性别（雌性）决定基因

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Shin;Yoshimoto;Shin Yoshimoto;Shin Yoshimoto;Yo-hei Ishizawa;Kayo Yamada;Hiromi Kanda;Gen Fujii;吉本 真;岡田 絵真;吉本 真;岡田 絵真;Ema Okada;Shin Yoshimoto
• 通讯作者: Shin Yoshimoto

Regulation of Sox15 gene expression in trophoblast cells

滋养层细胞中 Sox15 基因表达的调控

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Ema;Okada;Kayo Yamada
• 通讯作者: Kayo Yamada

xDM-W, which is female genomespecific, is a candidate of Xenopus laevis sex(female)-determining gene (I) : an implication of a novel mechaism for ZZ/ZW sex-determining system

xDM-W 是女性基因组特异性的，是非洲爪蟾性别（女性）决定基因（I）的候选者：ZZ/ZW 性别决定系统新机制的含义

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Hirohito;Umemoto
• 通讯作者: Umemoto

Mammalian Sox15 gene : promoter analysis and implications for placental evolution

哺乳动物 Sox15 基因：启动子分析及其对胎盘进化的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Zoolog. Sci 25
• 作者: Kayo;Yamada
• 通讯作者: Yamada

Mammalian Sox15 gene: promoter analysis and implications for placental evolution

哺乳动物 Sox15 基因：启动子分析及其对胎盘进化的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Zoological Science 25
• 作者: Kiyoji Nishiwaki;Yukihiko Kubota.;久保田 幸彦;Yukihiko Kubota;久保田幸彦;Yukihiko Kubota;Yukihiko Kubota;Yukihiko Kubota;久保田 幸彦;Yukihiko Kubota;久保田幸彦;Yukihiko Kubota;久保田 幸彦;Kiyoji Nishiwaki;Kiyoji Nishiwaki;Kiyoji Nishiwaki;Shin Yoshimoto;Kayo Yamada
• 通讯作者: Kayo Yamada