The critical role of inflammation in angiogenesis and malignant progression by cancer cells through altered tumor microenvironment

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Increasing evidence confirms that chronic inflammation is the strongest link to cancer. In 1850, Rudolf Virchow from Wurzburg, Germany, was the first to link chronic inflammation with arthritis, obesity, asthma and cancer. We observed that inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, could induce angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through activation of transcription factor, NF-κB and proinflammatory gene products. Enhanced angiogenesis resulted in tumor progression with macrophage infilteration and this was inhibited by macrophage targeting drugs.