Development of an E-learning System to Support Nursing Arts Training

我们首先厘清护理人员与护生所知觉的技术诀窍之间的差异。然后，根据这些特点，开发了一个网络学习系统，以支持初学者的护理技能的自主学习。为了分享和使用从经验中积累的但无法用语言表达的护理技能，本系统通过视觉表示将其呈现为正式知识。教学设计包括以下四个阶段：1.确定自己的技术程序; 2。模型图像与自己的技术图像的比较; 3.每个图像与自己的实践进展的比较;和4.学习结果的输出和识别。该系统的一个主要特点是，它可以同步和显示两个图像从一开始的护理技能。学习者通过将他们自己的技术图像与系统上的护士的模型技术图像进行比较来回答所提出的问题。因此，学习者将这种意识（策略知识）写下来并表达出来（形式知识），而不是通过观看图像直观地学习。通过实验，所有受试者都能够按照正确的程序进行注射。通过反思性研究，我们证实了该系统对护生获得静脉注射技能的有效性。可以预期，该系统是有用的，护理专业学生的技能获得。

We first clarified the differences between technical "knacks" perceived by nurses and those by nursing students. Then, based on the characteristics, an e-learning system is developed for beginners to support self-learning of nursing skills. To share and use know-how of nursing skills that has been accumulated from experience but which cannot be verbalized, this system renders them as formal knowledge through visual representation in this study. The instructional design consists of the following four phases : 1. Identification of one's own technical procedures ; 2. Comparison of model images with one's own technical images ; 3. Comparison of each image with one's own practice progression ; and 4. Output and identification of learning results. A major feature of the system is that it can synchronize and display two images from the beginning of nursing skills. A learner answers the presented questions by comparing their own technical images with the nurses' model technical images on the system. Therefore, the learner puts that awareness (tactic knowledge) in writing and expresses it (formal knowledge), instead of learning it intuitively by viewing images. Through experiment, all subjects were able to perform injection in the correct procedure. We confirmed the effectiveness of the system for nursing students to acquire intravenous injection skills through reflective studies. It can be expected that this system is useful to a skill acquisition for nursing students.