Medieval human life activity based on human and animal skeletal remains.

基于人类和动物骨骼遗骸的中世纪人类生命活动。

• 批准号: 19900112
• 负责人: ISHIDA Hajime
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of the Ryukyus
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19900112/
• 关键词: Okhotsk Culturoe people; Medieval Kamakura people; Historic Ryukyu people; Zooarchaeology; Paleopathology; Physical Anthropology; Life activity; Isotope analysis

Hirata and others (2004) discussed skeletal injuries caused by sharp weapons among four medieval archaeological sites, in Kamakura, Japan. It is interesting that the injuries by swords in the medieval Japanese skeletons of Zaimokuza site were distinguishable from those of other three sites. A medieval Yuigahama-minami skeletal samples abridged life-table analysis yielded a life expectancy at birth of 24.0 years for both sexes, a life expectancy at age 15 years of 15.8 years for males, and 18.0 years for females. The small tooth size of the Kamakura medieval series may be related to non-lineage factors, and would not contradict their similarity in odontometric pattern with the Yayoi, Kofun, Ed, and modern series.Population affinities and biological variation in human skeletal series associated with the Okhotsk culture from Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands during the 5th and 12th century AD are investigated using 19 nonmetric cranial traits. The method of Relethford and Blangero (1990) sugg … More ests that the eastern Okhotsk had a larger Rii value (distance from the centroid) and a lower observed variation than the northern Okhotsk, indicating that the eastern Okhotsk lost phenotypic variability. The Jomon and Ainu were closer to the Okhotsk than to other Northeast Asian series prior to any admixture.In order to investigate the phylogenetic status of the Okhotsk people, DNA was carefully extracted from human bone remains excavated from their archaeological sites. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences showed that the Okhotsk people were closer to the Nivkhi and Ulchi people among northeastern Asian populations. Moreover, the Okhotsk people had a relatively closer genetic affinity with the Ainu people of Hokkaido.Nonmetric cranial variation of the Ryukyuans, including the historic Kumejima population, and their neighboring peoples was investigated. The result may prove not only northern, but also southern influences to the Ryukyu Islands during the prehistoric and historic times, as suggested by recent genetic studies. Degenerative diseases of the spine and limb bones, and dental disease were investigated in the early modern people, consisting of human skeletal remains found in Kumejima. Severe degenerative diseases of the lumbar vertebra were more frequently seen in females. Frequency of right elbow osteoarthritis of scale 4 in female is higher than in male. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Not only female physiological events, such as pregnancy and menopause, but also differences in food preference may have led to this sex difference, as suggested by isotopic analysis. Younger adult females tended to be more affected by LEH, indicating that they experienced greater physiological stress during early childhood. Less

Hirata 等人（2004）讨论了日本镰仓四个中世纪考古遗址中利器造成的骨骼损伤。有趣的是，材木座遗址的中世纪日本骸骨中的剑伤与其他三个遗址的刀伤有明显区别。中世纪由比滨南骨骼样本的生命表分析显示，男女出生时的预期寿命均为 24.0 岁，男性 15 岁时的预期寿命为 15.8 岁，女性为 18.0 岁。镰仓中世纪系列的小牙齿可能与非血统因素有关，并且与弥生、古坟、Ed和现代系列在牙科模式上的相似性并不矛盾。使用19个非度量颅骨研究了公元5世纪和12世纪期间与北海道和库页岛鄂霍次克文化相关的人类骨骼系列的人群亲缘关系和生物变异 特征。 Relethford和Blangero（1990）的方法表明，鄂霍次克东部地区比鄂霍次克北部地区具有更大的Rii值（距质心的距离）和较低的观测变异，表明鄂霍次克东部地区失去了表型变异性。在任何混合之前，绳文人和阿伊努人比其他东北亚系列更接近鄂霍次克人。为了调查鄂霍次克人的系统发育状况，从考古遗址出土的人骨遗骸中仔细提取了 DNA。从mtDNA序列推断的系统发育关系表明，鄂霍次克人与东北亚人群中的尼夫赫人和乌尔奇人更为接近。此外，鄂霍次克人与北海道的阿伊努人有相对较近的遗传亲缘关系。研究了琉球人（包括历史上的久米岛人群）及其邻近民族的非计量颅骨变异。正如最近的遗传学研究表明的那样，这一结果可能证明在史前和历史时期，琉球群岛不仅受到北方影响，而且也受到南方影响。通过在久米岛发现的人类骨骼遗骸，对早期现代人的脊柱和四肢骨退行性疾病以及牙齿疾病进行了研究。严重的腰椎退行性疾病多见于女性。女性右肘4级骨关节炎的发生率高于男性。成年女性的龋齿发病率最高。正如同位素分析所表明的那样，不仅女性生理事件（例如怀孕和更年期）导致了这种性别差异，而且食物偏好的差异也可能导致这种性别差异。年轻的成年女性往往更容易受到 LEH 的影响，这表明她们在童年早期经历了更大的生理压力。较少的

项目成果

古人骨の化学分析による先史人類学-コラーゲンの同位体分析を中心に-.

通过对古代人类骨骼进行化学分析来进行史前人类学 - 重点是胶原蛋白的同位素分析。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Anthropological Science 114
• 作者: Fukumine T;Hanihara T;Nishime A;Isdida H;國松豊;Tomonori Ayukawa;國松豊;Yasuhiro Kawakatsu;米田穣
• 通讯作者: 米田穣

古人骨からみた北海道の人々とその位置,『海と考古学』

从古代人骨中看到的北海道人民及其所在地“海洋与考古”

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 石田 肇

Dental variation of Ryukyu Islanders : A comparative study among Ryukyu, Ainu and other Asian populations

琉球岛民的牙齿变异：琉球人、阿伊努人和其他亚洲人群的比较研究

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: American Journal of Human Biology 15
• 作者: Higa T;Hanihara T;Sunakawa H;Ishida H.
• 通讯作者: Ishida H.

Reconstruction of paleodemographic characteristics from skeletal age at death distributions : perspectives Hitotsubashi, Japan.

从死亡分布时的骨骼年龄重建古人口学特征：日本一桥的视角。

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134
• 作者: Nagaoka T;Hirata K
• 通讯作者: Hirata K

Origin and genetic feature of the Okhotsk people, revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis.

通过古代线粒体 DNA 分析揭示鄂霍次克人的起源和遗传特征。

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Journal of Human Genetics 52
• 作者: Sato T;Amano T;Ono H;Ishida H;Kodera H;Matsumura H;Yoneda M;Masuda R
• 通讯作者: Masuda R