Coronary Circulation-Cardiac Mechanics Coupling

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In vertebrates, there are two kinds of myocardium, compacta and spongiosa, which are associated with blood supply systems i.e. coronary and sinusoidal circulation. We analyzed the ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships in rat and frog heart that include integrated expression of chamber geometry and passive material properties of myocardial wall. Frog spongy ventricles showed higher expandability than rat left ventricles composed of compact myocardium. To assess how left ventricular geometry is regulated in heart failure, we generated an animal model of inducible and cardiac specific over-expression of Na^+/Ca^<2+> exchanger (NCX1) which is up-regulated in failing cardiac myocyte. We found that NCX1 over-expressing mice developed concentric hypertrophy with relaxation abnormality.