Establishment of a method for regional human population identification in/around Japan using autosomal STR markers

从日本及其周边地区人群采集的DNA样本，对数百个四核苷酸重复STR(Short Tandem Repeat，短串联重复)标记进行了基因分型，这些标记几乎平均分布在人类常染色体上。对来自日本秋田、名古屋、大分、长崎和冲绳5个地区汉族(陕西、湖南、广东、福建和北京)、1个泰国人(曼谷)、1个缅甸人(仰光)、2个地区蒙古族(乌拉贡和Dalandzadgad)、1个朝鲜族(沈阳)和1个韩国人(首尔)共16个亚洲地区人群的105个基因座进行了基因分型。然后用系统发育、结构遗传学和三维绘图等群体遗传学方法对这些数据进行分析。因此，建议从统计上区分日语和汉族人。因此，我们计算了日本人和中国人在每个STR基因座每个等位基因上的似然比，并将所有基因座的每个个体的似然比相乘，然后将所有这些似然比的分布修正为正态分布，从而有可能建立一个统计上识别日本人或中国人种族的系统。此外，我们还构建了250多个常染色体四核苷酸重复STR基因座的类似多重分型系统。这一多重系统将有可能审查区域较近的人口，如日本人和韩国人和/或日本区域人口之间的统计差异。

DNA samples collected from regional human population in/around Japan were genotyped for hundreds loci of tetra-nucleotide repeat STR(short tandem repeat) markers almost equally distributed on human autosomes. One hundred and five loci of them were genotyped for DNA samples collected from five regional Japanese(Akita, Nagoya, Oita, Nagasaki and Okinawa), 5 regional Han Chinese(Shaanxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and Beijing), one Thais(Bangkok), one Burmese(Yangon), two regional Mongolian(Ulaagom and Dalandzadgad), one Korean Chinese(Shenyang) and one Korean(Seoul), total 16 regional Asian populations. Then those genotype data were analyzed with some population gentical methods such as phylogenetic, structural-genetic, and 3D-plotted programs. As a result, it was suggested to distinguish between Japanese and Han-Chinese statistically. Therefore, the ratios of likelihood for Japanese to Chinese at each allele for each STR locus were calculated, and the ratios of each individual were multiplied for all loci, and then the distribution for all of the ratios was corrected to a normal distribution, which has the possibility to establish a system to identify the ethnicity(which Japanese or Chinese) statistically.Furthermore, we constructed a similar multiplex typing system for more than 250 autosomal tetra-nucleotide repeat STR loci. This multiplex system would made it possible to examine the statistical differentiation between regionally closer populations, such as Japanese and Koreans and/or regional populations in Japan.