Guided defferentiation of kidney precursor cells into specific cell lineages of the nephron

后肾是哺乳动物机体的主要过滤器官。肾脏的基本结构和功能单位是肾单位，它执行一系列任务，包括血液过滤、重新吸收盐、水和其他化合物。这些功能可以与每个肾单位中的特定单位有关，这些单位是在发育过程中以严格控制的方式形成的。肾脏的诱导是通过输尿管芽和后肾间充质之间的相互作用进行的。间充质细胞依次形成凝集物、肾小泡、逗号状和S状小体，以及肾小球、近端和远端小管的末梢上皮。要为肾脏再生产生多个细胞谱系，需要克服三个障碍：(1)肾祖细胞的来源；(2)肾祖细胞的扩增；(3)控制肾祖细胞向分化细胞类型的谱系承诺。最近关于iPS形成的研究表明，多种因素的特定组合可能是对细胞重新编程的最有效方式。为了发展将基因导入肾脏的方法，我们首先测试了慢病毒载体系统。

The metanephros is the main filtrating organ of the mammalian organism. The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which performs a multitude of tasks including blood filtration, re-absorption of salt, water and other compounds. These functions can be related to specific ‘units' in each nephron that are formed in a tightly controlled manner during development. Induction of the kidney occurs through reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. The mesenchymal cell sequentially form condensates, renal vesicles, comma- and S-shaped bodies, and terminal epithelia of glomeuli, proximal and distal tubules. To generate multiple cell lineages for kidney regeneration, there exist three obstacles to be overcome; (1) derivation of the renal progenitors; (2) expansion of the renal progenitors; and (3) control of lineage commitment of the renal progenitors toward differentiated cell types. The recent work on iPS formation suggests that a specific combination of multiple factors might be the most effective way to reprogram the cells. To develop of gene transducing methods into the kidney, we first tested lentivirus vector system.