Language Contacts in Nikkei and Okinawan Communities of Bolivia

在玻利维亚的冲绳移民社区(第一个冲绳人定居点)，琉球原语(冲绳中南部方言)、日语和西班牙语之间存在着动态的语言接触。将记录的对话按世代(第一代、第二代和第三代的成年移民和儿童移民)输入文本，并将其报告在《玻利维亚冲绳社区记录的对话数据》中。数据显示，“UChina-yamatu-guchi”(“冲绳-大和语言”)的形式也在社区中使用，如‘-siyotta’和‘-wake-sa’。关于语言使用的调查，多方面的调查问卷揭示了这样一个事实，即玻利维亚保持着双语，这也鼓励使用日语，而在巴西，葡萄牙语的单语迅速发展。

In the Okinawan immigrant community of Bolivia(the first Okinawan settlement), there has been dynamic language contacts among the Ryukyuan language(the South-Central Okinawan dialect), the Japanese language and the Spanish language. The recorded conversations were put into text according to generation(adult immigrants and child immigrants of the 1st generation, the 2nd generation and the 3rd generation) and they were reported in" Conversation Data Recorded in an Okinawan Community of Bolivia". The data showed us that the forms of" Uchina-yamatu-guchi"(" Okinawan-Yamato-language) such as'-siyotta' and'-wake-sa', are also in use in the communities. Regarding the investigation on language use, the multifaceted questionnaires have shed light on the fact that bilingualism, which also encourages the use of the Japanese language, has been maintained in Bolivia while monolingualism to the Portuguese language has been rapidly proceeded in Brazil.