Structures of Predicates in Japanese Dialects : A Typological Study

这项调查是基于对从东北地区到奄美和冲绳群岛的方言中言语谓词、形容词谓词和名义谓词的类型学研究。调查的主要结果如下。1)形容词名词在奄美和冲绳方言中不发达。2)在大陆方言中，形容词名词有五种变体。3)大陆方言中形容词的有限形式和副词形式相同，但在奄美方言和冲绳方言中有所不同。4)在东北和九州方言中，有一个时间本地化的语法类别。5)在东北、奄美和冲绳方言中，有一个直接证据的语法类别，在人称和时态的相关性上有变化。在奄美方言和冲绳方言中，存在着间接证据性和虚构性的语法范畴。在许多方言中，形容词有一种特殊的形式，表示感叹。基本上，日语方言中的动词、形容词和名义谓语在形态上比标准日语更丰富（有更多的屈折形式）。

This survey is based upon the typological study of verbal predicates, adjectival predicates and nominal predicates in dialects from the Tohoku region to Amami and Okinawa Islands.The main findings of the survey are followings.1) Adjectival noun is undeveloped in Amami and Okinawa dialects.2) In the mainland dialects, there are five variations of inflection for adjectival noun.3) Finite-form and adnominal form of adjective are the same in the mainland dialect, but different in Amami and Okinawa dialects.4) Among Tohoku and Kyushu dialects, there is a grammatical category of temporal localization.5) Among Tohoku, Amami and Okinawa dialects, there is a grammatical category of direct evidentiality, with a variation on the correlation between person and tense.6) Among Amami and Okinawa dialects, there is a grammatical category of indirect evidentiality and mirativity.7) In many dialects, there is a special form of adjectives, which demonstrates an exclamation.Basically, verbs, adjectives and nominal predicates in Japanese dialects are morphologically richer (have more inflectional forms) than in the standard Japanese.