Structures of Predicates in Japanese Dialects : A Typological Study

本文通过对东北地区、安美岛和冲绳岛方言中动词谓词、形容词谓词和名词性谓词的类型学研究，得出以下主要发现：1)形容词名词在东北方言和冲绳方言中不发达；2)大陆方言中形容词名词的屈折变化有五种；3)大陆方言中形容词的限定形式和形容词形式相同，但在Amami和冲绳方言中不同。4)东北方言和九州方言中存在时间方位的语法范畴。5)东北方言、Amami方言和冲绳方言中有一个直接形容词词形变化的语法范畴7)在许多方言中，形容词有一种特殊的形式，表示感叹。基本上，日语中的动词、形容词和名词性谓词在形态上比标准日语丰富(有更多的屈折形式)。

This survey is based upon the typological study of verbal predicates, adjectival predicates and nominal predicates in dialects from the Tohoku region to Amami and Okinawa Islands.The main findings of the survey are followings.1) Adjectival noun is undeveloped in Amami and Okinawa dialects.2) In the mainland dialects, there are five variations of inflection for adjectival noun.3) Finite-form and adnominal form of adjective are the same in the mainland dialect, but different in Amami and Okinawa dialects.4) Among Tohoku and Kyushu dialects, there is a grammatical category of temporal localization.5) Among Tohoku, Amami and Okinawa dialects, there is a grammatical category of direct evidentiality, with a variation on the correlation between person and tense.6) Among Amami and Okinawa dialects, there is a grammatical category of indirect evidentiality and mirativity.7) In many dialects, there is a special form of adjectives, which demonstrates an exclamation.Basically, verbs, adjectives and nominal predicates in Japanese dialects are morphologically richer (have more inflectional forms) than in the standard Japanese.