Origin of the primitively social behavior in Pompilidae : characteristics of the male matin g behavior and their evolutionary significance

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In order to elucidate the evolutionary origin of primitively social behavior in Pompilidae, male mating behavior of Machaerothrix tsushimensis and relatedness of its individuals at the same nesting site were investigated. As a result, it was found that the males rested for a long time(400 minutes, for example) near the entrances of the nests, attempting to copulate with the females and that multiple females nesting at the same site had the same father. These suggest that the copulation oligopoly by a few males occurs in this species. As a result of measuring several morphological characters of Macromeris violacea, positive allometry was found between the body length(length of forewing marginal cell) and the leg(femur) thickness only in the male, and thus the thick male femur is presumed to be a character that enables copulation monopoly by one or a few males on the nest.