Communication between skeletal muscle and adipose tissues by myostatin

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Myostatin, one of the TGF-β superfamily member, regulates skeletal muscle mass. It also regulates adipose tissue mass and homeostasis. We have devised the method to block myostatin function, and developed hypermuscular transgenic mice. By using the model, we have shown that adipose tissue in myostatin inhibited mice did not show hypertrophy due to increased numbers of mitochondria. Fatty liver induced by high fat diet feeding was prevented by myostatin inhibition, primarily due to blockade of myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle. Fatty acid composition in liver by high fat diet was different between wildtype and myostatin inhibited mice. We also discovered that expression of several miRNAs is altered by myostatin stimulaton and/or inhibition, which could be responsible for actions of myostatin in regulating muscle homeostasis and dynamics of adipocyte growth and turnover.