Mode of Hepatic Spread from Gallbladder Carcinoma : An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 42 Hepatectomized Specimens

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In the current study, we analyzed the mode of hepatic spread from gallbladder carcinoma by examining immunohistochemically the resected specimens taken from 52 patients with hepatic spread. In summary, direct liver invasion and portal tract invasion, which featured intrahepatic lymphatic invasion, were the main modes of hepatic spread from resectable disease. The mode of hepatic spread independently predicted long-term survival after resection for patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Hepatic metastatic nodules indicated a dismal outcome after resection.