Studies for different reproductive strategies in Chenopodiaceae crops

甜菜和菠菜是藜科植物，它们进化出不同的策略来防止自花受精和促进异交。前者发展了细胞质雄性不育，后者发展了雌雄异株。在甜菜中，Owen CMS相关的pre-SATP 6是一种线粒体膜蛋白，组装成一个均一的200-KDa蛋白复合物。在这里，我们发现欧文CMS的核恢复基因（Rf 1）的产物与preSATP 6相互作用，导致200-KDa蛋白复合物的显着减少和恢复花粉育性。我们还确定了至少16个不同的等位基因的Rf 1基因座甜菜及其近亲，使用各种DNA标记。其他CMS来源的分子机制和Rf1基因座的进化值得进一步研究。我们的研究表明，它的野生亲戚，S。turkestanica和S.粉防己也是雌雄异株植物，单性花的形态与菠菜非常相似。我们在菠菜中鉴定了雄性特异的DNA序列，这也被发现是雄性特异的所有加入S。turkestanica和S. tetrandra检查。野生种的叶绿体基因间序列（trnL-rp132）与菠菜（S. oleracea）。然而，大多数S.粉防己缺乏雄性菠菜特有的DNA序列，其trnL-rp132序列与菠菜不同。结果表明，菠菜属植物的性别决定位点和性染色体在各属间存在着一定的差异。

Sugar beet and spinach, members of Chenopodiaceae, have evolved different strategies to prevent self-fertilization and promote outcrossing. The former has developed cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and the latter has evolved dioecism. Molecular mechanisms of the CMS and the dioecism in the crops were analyzed to understand the diversity of reproductive strategies in plants.In sugar beet, Owen CMS-associated pre-SATP6 is a mitochondrial membrane protein that assembles into a homogeneous 200-KDa protein complex. Here we found that the product of a nuclear restorer gene (Rf1) for Owen CMS interacts with preSATP6, resulting in the significant reduction of the 200-KDa protein complex and restoration of pollen fertility. We also identified at least 16 distinct alleles in the Rf1 locus from sugar beet and its close relatives, using a variety of DNA markers. The molecular mechanisms of other sources of CMS and evolution of Rf1 locus are worthy of further investigation.Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a dioecious plant. Our study revealed that its wild relatives, S. turkestanica and S. tetrandra, are also dioecious plants with unisexual flowers morphologically quite similar to those of spinach. We identified male specific DNA sequences in spinach, which were also found to be male-specific for all accessions of S. turkestanica and some accessions of S. tetrandra examined. The accessions from the wild species were shown to possess chloroplast intergenic sequences (trnL-rpl32) identical to that of spinach (S. oleracea). However, most accessions of S. tetrandra lack the DNA sequences specific for male spinaches, whose trnL-rpl32 sequences are distinctive from that of spinach. The results suggested that the sex determining locus and sex chromosomes are differentiated among members of genus Spinacia.