Multilayer model of sense of agency

能动性是指一个人引起一个行为的感觉。对代理感的预测表明，基于传出（运动）信息的感觉预测在代理感的产生中起着至关重要的作用。另一种假设强调了事后推理过程在产生代理感中的关键作用。根据这一说法，当一个想法先于一个行动出现在意识中，与行动一致，并且没有伴随着明显的其他行动原因时，我们就会体验到代理感。在本研究中，我们将代理感分为两层；在最基本的层面上，代理的非概念性和前反思性感觉以及在更复杂的层面上，代理的概念性和反思性判断。结果表明，感觉衰减测量的代理感觉是由感觉预测产生的，而不是由预览和动作效果之间的概念一致性产生的，而这两个过程都对代理判断产生影响。进一步的实验发现，当可靠的正向模型尚未形成时，概念一致性对代理判断的权重相对较高，而当正向模型能够提供高可靠的线索时，除感觉预测外的其他代理线索的权重相对较低。这些结果表明，代理的判断是通过对每个信息来源的可靠性进行加权来产生的。

The sense of agency is the sense that one is causing an action. A predictive account of the sense of agency proposes that sensory prediction based on efferent(motor) information plays a critical role in generating the sense of agency. An alternative hypothesis emphasizes a critical role for post-hoc inferential process in generating the sense of agency. According to this account, we experience the sense of agency when a thought appears in consciousness prior to an action, is consistent with the action, and is not accompanied by conspicuous other causes of the action. In this study, we divided the sense of agency into two layers ; non-conceptual and pre-reflective feeling of agency at the most basic level and conceptual and reflective judgment of agency at the more elaborated level. The results showed that sensory prediction rather than conceptual congruency between preview and action-effect contributed to the feeling of agency which was measured by sensory attenuation, whereas both processes contributed to the judgment of agency. Further experiments revealed that conceptual congruency received relatively higher weighting to judgment of agency when reliable forward model was not formed, whereas other cues of agency than sensory prediction received lower weighting when forward model could provide highly reliable cue. These results suggest that the judgment of agency is produced by weighting each source of information according to its reliability.