Development ofmedical countermeasures for disuse muscle atrophy and the protective effects of exercise preconditioning with nutritional supports

在病理状态下减少骨骼肌的丢失，如肌肉停用，在康复和生活质量方面有相当大的影响。骨骼肌及其微血管系统可以表现出显著的可塑性，以应对功能需求的减少，即肌肉的废弃。此外，由于活性氧(ROS)的产生增加，氧化还原信号的紊乱是细胞信号通路的重要调节因素，这些信号通路控制着骨骼肌中的蛋白质分解和蛋白质合成以及毛细血管。因此，本报告的目的是研究在营养支持下的运动，如抗氧化作用，对骨骼肌萎缩和毛细血管萎缩的影响。运动可以减轻骨骼肌的萎缩。然而，运动和负荷并不能减弱骨骼肌的毛细血管退缩。补充抗氧化剂，即虾青素，通过减少氧化应激来减弱毛细血管退行性变。此外，运动联合甘草黄酮油能有效减少内脏脂肪组织，因为运动和甘草黄酮油分别提高了肌肉和肝脏的脂肪代谢。这些结果表明，运动联合补充甘草黄酮油可能有效地降低肥胖的风险。这些结果表明，运动结合营养支持，即营养补充，可能有效地防止骨骼肌萎缩、毛细血管退缩和代谢紊乱。

：The reduction of skeletal muscle loss in pathological states, such as muscle disuse, has considerable effects in terms of rehabilitation and quality of life. Skeletal muscle and its microvasculature can exhibit remarkable plasticity in response to decreased functional demand, i.e., muscle disuse. In addition, disturbed redox signaling, due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an important regulator of cell signaling pathways that control both proteolysis and protein synthesis, and capillarity in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to investigate the effects of exercise with nutrition supports, e.g., anti-oxidant action, on atrophy and capillary regression in skeletal muscle. Exercise attenuated the atrophy in skeletal muscle. However, Exercise and loading could not attenuate the capillary regression in skeletal muscle. Anti-oxidant supplementation, i.e., astaxanthin, attenuated the capillary regression by decreasing the oxidative-stress. In addition, exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil effectively reduced visceral adipose tissue, because exercise and licorice flavonoid oil enhanced the muscular and hepatic lipid metabolism, respectively. These results suggested that exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation might be effective to decrease the risk from obesity. These results indicate that exercise combined with nutrition supports, i.e., nutrition supplementation, might be effective to prevent atrophy, capillary regression and metabolism disturbance in skeletal muscle.