Learning of Abstract Programming Concepts based on Better Trial and Error Experiences

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Learning of object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is difficult for novice programmer. We proposed a method to visualize concept models of OOPL, and allow the novice programmer to manipulate the visualized models by intuitive manner. The novice programmer can see snippets of source code corresponding to the manipulation. We developed a system named Anchor Garden (AG) to realize the method, and conducted an experiment at the end of CS1 course. We confirmed the system significantly increase the understanding of object and variable relationship.