Preferable biological milieu for the growth of viral epithelial neoplasms and its regulation

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Dendritic cell(DC) subsets and regulatory mechanisms of host immune responses were studied in human papilloma virus(HPV)-and molluscum contagiosum virus(MCV)-associated warty lesions, Bowen disease, and various epithelial neoplasms. The depletion of Langerin+ DCs(LCs) was obvious in the non-inflammatory HPV-warts, MC, and HPV-Bowen. The lesional epidermis revealed diminished MIP-3αexpression and irregular distribution of E-cadherin. TSLP(thymic stromal lymphopoietin) was highly expressed in HPV-warts and solar keratosis, while a few MCV+ cells were positive for TSLP in MC. MCV-encoded immunoregulatory molecules such as MCV148 and MCV159 were expressed in MC. MIP-3αexpression is up-regulated in inflammatory warts, with the subsequent recruitment of various DC subsets and CD8+ cells. TSLP expression might be associated with immune suppression and Th2 type inflammation in HPV-warts, while MCV-encoded molecules possess a pivotal role in the persistence of MC.