Role of histidine in glucose metabolism

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We previously revealed that hepatic STAT3 decreases the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and suppresses hepatic glucose production. Here, we show that increased plasma histidine caused by protein intake resulted in hepatic STAT3 activation. Intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration of histidine also activated hepatic STAT3 and augmented the suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin. Inhibition of hepatic glucose production by histidine was blocked by inhibiting histamine H1receptors in the central nervous system. Therefore, histidine activates hepatic STAT3 and suppresses hepatic glucose production via central histamine action. In the central nervous system, the mechanisms of histidine and insulin are independent, but have additive inhibitory effects on hepatic glucose prodcution. This suggests that central histidine-mediated suppressive action on hepatic glucose production is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.