Molecular Genetics of the Heterogeneiety of Gastrointestinal Cancer in association of cancer stem cells.

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PurposeTo investigate the genetic base of the heterogeneity of the digestive cancer, two approaches such as 1) DNA microarray analysis combined with laser microdissection for the gene expression of the digestive tract carcinoma and 2) cancer stem cell survey have been conducted.Material and methodCell line and clinically resected tumor specimens were used for the analysis. Human 44k-DNA microarray were purchased from “Agilent technology" and microarray analysis were performed according to the company's instruction. In addition, genomic microarray were performed for 10 cases of esophageal cancer and 5 cased of heptocellular carcinoma.Results1) Early staged cancer shows no definitive different expression profile from various parts of the tumor, however, in advance staged cancer, a definitive difference of the profile was observed among the portions of the tumor, in particular, superficial luminal parts and deeper invasive portions. 2) Expression profiles differ in cases with different histological types. 3) Genomic alteration and simultaneous mRNA expression changes were observed in accordance with the histological development of the tumor. In heptocellular carcinoma, peripheral portion of the tumor shows very faint alteration in both mRNA and genomics. However, in the central portion that reciprocally later developed, histologically showed more aggressive pattern and also manifested very variable alterations in both mRNA and genomics.DiscussionDNA microarray analysis combined with laser microdissection for the gene expression as well as genomic alteration had very powerful potential for the analysis of histologically complexed tumor. More detailed study will clarify the perplexed nature of the human carcinogenesis.