Pathological involvement of carbonyl stress for development of cognitive impairment in CKD

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Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the close associations of cognitive impairment (CI) with plasma methylglyoxal (MG) levels and presence of kidney dysfunction. Tthe present study aims to examine whether MG is a direct causative substance for CI development. Experimental rats were divided into two groups: control and MG group (0.5% MG in drinking water), and fed a normal diet for 12 months. Cognitive function was evaluated by two behavioral tests. Serum MG was significantly elevated in the MG group at the end of study. The groups did not differ in cognitive function during the course of study. No time-course differences were found in oxidative stress markers between the two groups, while, antioxidants were significantly increased in the MG group. Long-term MG administration to rats with normal kidney did not cause CI, possibley due to a counter-balanced activation of the anti-oxidant system. Pathogenetic significance of MG for CI requires further investigation.