Investigation in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome with in vivo molecular imaging

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Obesity is known to induce local inflammation within adipose tissue that contributes to systemic metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the underlying mechanisms that modulate adipose inflammation. We identified Breg cells that produce interleukin-10 constitutively within adipose tissue. B cell-specific Il10 deletion enhanced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice, whereas adoptive transfer of adipose tissue Breg cells ameliorated those effects. Adipose environmental factors, including CXCL12 and free fatty acids, support Breg cell function, and Breg cell fraction and function were reduced in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. Our findings indicate that adipose tissue Breg cells maintain homeostasis within adipose tissue and that Breg cell dysfunction contributes pivotally to the progression of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.