Newly approach of the interventional treatment for periodontitis in smokers;Suppresive effects by cadmium

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In the present study, we examined the various responses to cadmium (Cd) exposure of cells using human gingival epithelial cells, human gingival fibroblasts, human femur osteoblasts, and a commercial human osteoblast kit. The response to cadmium was different depending on the type of cell, and there were also differences in the cell type and concentration of cytokines induced by cadmium exposure. Based on the above results, it is concluded that the periodontal tissue of smokers is damaged by Cd present in tobacco. Also, increased production of cyclooxygenase (COX) was observed in osteoblasts exposed to Cd. We believe the present results provide useful information that supports the findings of previous clinical reports of an inferior periodontal therapeutic effect in smokers compared to nonsmokers.